丹莪妇康煎膏治疗对子宫内膜异位症患者健康相关生命质量的影响

目的:探讨丹莪妇康煎膏治疗子宫内膜异位症(EMs)对患者健康相关生命质量(HRQoL)的影响。方法:选择在本院门诊就诊的EMs患者,随机分为观察组(60例)和对照组(60例)。观察组予口服丹莪妇康煎膏治疗,对照组口服孕三烯酮胶囊治疗。服药3个月经周期,用生活质量量表(SF-36)及子宫内膜异位症患者生存质量量表(EHF-5)评价两种方法治疗后患者HRQoL。结果:两组SF-36和EHP-5评价均较治疗前改善(P0.05),且观察组SF-36生理功能、生理职能、躯体疼痛、精神健康、情感职能、健康变化6个维度及EHP-5疼痛、情绪状态、自我形象、与小孩的关系、治疗期望、医患关系6个条目均较对照组明显改善(均P0.01)。结论:丹莪妇康煎膏治疗EMs对患者HRQoL的影响优于孕三烯酮胶囊。     

米非司酮和戈舍瑞林在子宫内膜异位症行手术治疗患者中的应用效果及其对患者妊娠情况的影响

目的探讨米非司酮和戈舍瑞林在子宫内膜异位症行手术治疗患者中的应用效果及其对患者妊娠情况的影响,为子宫内膜异位症的治疗提供理论依据。方法选取2014年1月-2016年1月在琼海市人民医院住院治疗的140例子宫内膜异位症患者为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为对照组与研究组,每组各70例,所有患者行手术治疗后,对照组给予戈舍瑞林治疗,研究组给予米非司酮治疗。观察两组患者治疗效果,对比两组患者治疗前后性激素水平变化,并通过后视觉模拟评分法(VAS)、简明健康量表(SF-36)评估患者治疗前后健康满意度及生活质量,随访1年对比两组患者复发情况、不良反应发生率及妊娠情况。结果治疗后,研究组总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者性激素水平较治疗前明显改善,且研究组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者痛经、盆腔痛、性交痛VAS评分均低于治疗前,且研究组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者SF-36评分较治疗前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但两组间SF-36评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后1年复发率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);研究组患者累积妊娠、周期妊娠率均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论子宫内膜异位症术后使用米非司酮治疗效果较好,可有效改善激素水平,不良反应发生率低,且妊娠率较高,值得临床推广。     

注射用醋酸亮丙瑞林微球对子宫内膜异位症腹腔镜术后患者的临床价值

目的探讨注射用醋酸亮丙瑞林微球对子宫内膜异位症腹腔镜术后患者血清血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、基质金属蛋白酶-2 (MMP-2)、MMP-9表达及性激素变化影响。方法选择该院于2017年4月-2019年4月期间收治的子宫内膜异位症合并不孕症患者86例,依据随机数字表法随机分为观察组43例与对照组43例。对照组患者采用腹腔镜手术治疗,观察组在对照组基础上于术后月经来潮第2 d皮下注射醋酸亮丙瑞林微球,每4周1次,共6次。两组疗程均为24周。比较两组治疗疗效,治疗前后盆腔包块大小和EHP-5评分、VEGF、MMP-2、MMP-9及性激素水平变化。结果观察组总有效率高于对照组(P0.05)。两组治疗后盆腔包块大小和EHP-5评分较治疗前降低(P0.05);观察组治疗后盆腔包块大小和EHP-5评分低于对照组(P0.05)。两组治疗后血清VEGF、MMP-2及MMP-9水平较治疗前降低(P0.05);观察组治疗后血清VEGF、MMP-2及MMP-9水平低于对照组(P0.05)。两组治疗后血清卵泡刺激素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)及雌二醇(E2)水平较治疗前降低(P0.05);观察组治疗后血清FSH、LH及E2水平低于对照组(P0.05)。结论注射用醋酸亮丙瑞林微球对子宫内膜异位症腹腔镜术后患者疗效良好,可降低血清VEGF、MMP-2、MMP-9水平及改善性激素水平。     

湿热瘀阻型子宫内膜异位症痛经的中医治疗研究

目的探讨中药红藤方治疗湿热瘀阻型子宫内膜异位症引起的痛经的临床疗效。方法选取该院2014年2月-2017年3月门诊收治的80例湿热瘀阻型子宫内膜异位症术后患者为研究样本,根据患者就诊时间顺序,将所有患者分为对照组和研究组。对照组应用吲哚美辛治疗,研究组采用红藤方治疗。比较两组患者用药后临床疗效、中医证候评分、血清CA125变化情况。结果研究组远期临床疗效有效率为87. 50%,对照组为45. 00%。两组治疗比较差异有统计学意义(P0. 05);两组在中医证候评分上,服药后均低于服药前,研究组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P0. 05);两组服药后血清CA125均降低,研究组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P0. 05)。结论红藤方治疗子宫内膜异位症能够较好缓解患者疼痛症状及相关中医证候,改善患者各项体征指标平衡,是临床治疗子宫内膜异位症较好的医学方案。     

米非司酮与孕三烯酮对子宫内膜异位症患者术后性激素水平和妊娠率的影响

目的应用米非司酮与孕三烯酮治疗子宫内膜异位症术后患者,探讨其对患者术后性激素水平及妊娠率的影响。方法选取2010年1月-2015年6月武汉商职医院收治的120例子宫内膜异位症患者,按照治疗方法不同将其随机分为观察组与对照组,每组各60例。所有患者均进行保守性手术治疗,对照组术后给予孕三烯酮治疗,观察组术后给予米非司酮治疗。对两组患者治疗后性激素水平、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)、妊娠率等进行比较。结果与治疗前比较,两组患者治疗后血清促卵泡激素(FSH)、孕酮(P)、雌二醇(E2)水平均明显降低,黄体生成素(LH)明显升高,治疗前后比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且观察组降低幅度显著优于对照组(P0.05);观察组治疗总有效率为96.7%,对照组为71.7%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与治疗前相比,两组患者治疗后盆腔症状评分均明显降低(P0.05),且观察组降低幅度显著优于对照组(P0.05);在妊娠率方面,观察组较对照组明显升高(P0.05)。结论与孕三烯酮相比,米非司酮治疗子宫内膜异位症的疗效更佳,能够有效缩小子宫内膜厚度,调节机体性激素水平,同时具有较高的妊娠率。     

腹腔镜骶前神经切断术治疗子宫内膜异位症合并痛经35例的疗效观察

目的探讨腹腔镜骶前神经切断术治疗子宫内膜异位症合并痛经患者的临床疗效。方法选取2009年1-11月期间浏阳市妇幼保健院收治的子宫内膜异位症合并痛经患者72例,随机分成两组：观察组35例,接受腹腔镜骶前神经切断术;对照组37例,接受腹腔镜病灶切除术。所有患者均术后随访18个月经周期,现比较两组患者的手术疗效。结果观察组的手术时间、住院时间显著短于对照组,术中出血量显著少于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。观察组术后3、6、12、18个月的痛经缓解效果均显著优于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P均〈0.05）。结论腹腔镜骶前神经切断术治疗子宫内膜异位症合并痛经具有恢复快、术中创伤小等优点,且疗效显著,值得临床上推广与应用。     

GnRH-a联合替勃龙对子宫内膜异位症患者的治疗效果及对激素水平、BGP的影响

目的探讨子宫内膜异位症患者采用促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRH-a)联合替勃龙治疗的临床效果及对患者性激素、骨密度(BGP)的影响,为彻底消除子宫内膜异位症患者术后残存子宫碎片的药物辅助治疗方法提供理论依据。方法选取2015年8月-2016年12月在东莞市人民医院确诊且经腹腔镜手术治疗的子宫内膜异位症患者126例随机分为对照组和联合组各63例,联合组患者采用GnRH-a联合替勃龙治疗,对照组患者仅采取GnRH-a治疗,对比两组患者的临床效果及性激素、BGP变化。结果治疗前、后两组患者的血清E2、FSH、LH水平组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后联合组患者血清BGP显著低于对照组患者,腰椎骨密度值显著高于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后两组患者血清E2、FSH、LH水平较本组治疗前均显著的降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗前两组患者的Kupperman评分、盆腔疼痛、性交疼痛、痛经VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后联合组患者Kupperman评分、盆腔疼痛、性交疼痛、痛经VAS评分显著低于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。联合组患者不良反应发生率(17.46%)与对照组(11.11%)比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论子宫内膜异位症患者采用GnRH-a联合替勃龙治疗的效果优于单用GnRH-a,且对患者骨量丢失的影响更小。     

丹莪妇康煎膏治疗子宫内膜异位症痛经的临床效果观察

目的:进一步明确丹莪妇康煎膏对子宫内膜异位症痛经的临床治疗效果。方法:对2006年8~12月就诊的28例子宫内膜异位症(包括子宫腺肌症)患者及34例同期就诊的无原因痛经患者采用中药丹莪妇康煎膏治疗,并于治疗前后进行问卷调查,评价服药前后痛经的缓解情况。结果:62例患者痛经均不同程度缓解,临床缓解率100.00%;28子宫内膜异位症患者服药后的疼痛评分明显下降,与服药前比差异有统计学意义;34例痛经患者服药前、后疼痛评分也存在统计学差异;子宫内膜异位症组与无原因痛经组症疼痛评分服药前、后差异无统计学意义;两组患者服药前、后月经量改变无明显变化。结论:丹莪妇康煎膏在治疗子宫内膜异位症痛经及无原因痛经上具有明显的临床疗效。     

当归芍药散治疗子宫内膜异位症痛经患者的临床效果分析

目的研究当归芍药散治疗子宫内膜异位症痛经患者的临床效果。方法选取我院2013年8月至2014年8月期间收治的子宫内膜异位症痛经患者80例为研究对象,按随机数字表法将其分为观察组和对照组,每组各40例。对照组患者口服孕三烯酮治疗,观察组患者在对照组的基础上口服当归芍药散治疗。比较两组患者的治疗效果、疼痛变化情况、前列腺素E2(PEG2)以及孕酮(P)水平的变化。结果观察组的治疗总有效率为97.5%,显著高于对照组的82.5%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,观察组和对照组的VAS评分、PEG2、P水平比较无显著差异(P>0.05),治疗后,观察组VAS评分显著低于对照组,PEG2、P水平明显优于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论当归芍药散对于子宫内膜异位症痛经患者效果显著,止疼明显,降低前列腺素水平,值得临床应用及推广。     

粘结合蛋白多糖-1、甲壳质酶蛋白40和骨桥蛋白在子宫内膜异位症患者中的表达及意义

目的探讨粘结合蛋白多糖-1(Syndecan-1)、甲壳质酶蛋白40(YKL-40)和骨桥蛋白(OPN)在子宫内膜异位症患者中的表达及意义。方法选择2015年1月-2016年6月经病理学检查诊断为子宫内膜异位症的78例患者为子宫内膜异位症组,选择同期行健康体检的30例女性为对照组。两组女性入院后进行子宫内膜异位症分期和痛经评分。检测两组女性血清Syndecan-1、YKL-40和OPN水平,不同月经周期、分期和痛经评分的子宫内膜异位症组患者血清Syndecan-1、YKL-40和OPN水平,观察子宫内膜异位症组患者血清Syndecan-1水平、YKL-40水平和OPN水平之间的相关性。结果子宫内膜异位症组患者血清Syndecan-1、YKL-40和OPN水平均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。增生期患者血清Syndecan-1、YKL-40和OPN水平明显高于分泌期患者,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。子宫内膜异位症患者血清Syndecan-1、YKL-40和OPN水平随着痛经分期的增加而升高(P0.05)。子宫内膜异位症患者血清Syndecan-1、YKL-40和OPN水平随着痛经评分增加而升高(P0.05)。子宫内膜异位症患者血清Syndecan-1水平、YKL-40水平与血清OPN水平呈正相关,血清Syndecan-1水平和血清YKL-40水平呈正相关。结论 Syndecan-1、YKL-40和OPN参与了子宫内膜异位症的发生、发展过程,各指标之间相互呈正相关,联合检测对于诊断疾病和病情评估有重要的临床意义。     

Heavy Metal Contaminants in Tissues of the Garfish, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Belone belone</Emphasis> L., 1761, and the Bluefish, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pomatomus saltatrix</Emphasis> L., 1766, from Turkey Waters

Levels of contaminants in fish are of particular interest because of the potential risk to humans who consume them. Fish samples were collected through the coastal waters of Turkey and the contents of cadmium, cobalt, chrome, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, zinc and lead in the liver and muscle tissues were determined. Among the metals analyzed, copper, zinc and iron were the most abundant in the different tissues while cadmium and lead were the least abundant both in Belone belone and Pomatomus saltatrix. Metal concentrations in muscles of fish species were found 0.01–0.38 mg kg⁻¹ for cadmium, 0.01–0.53 mg kg⁻¹ for cobalt, 0.05–1.87 mg kg⁻¹ for chromium, 0.21–5.89 mg kg⁻¹ for copper, 9.99–43.3 mg kg⁻¹ for iron, 0.14–1.33 mg kg⁻¹ for manganese, 0.06–4.70 mg kg⁻¹ for nickel, 0.09–0.81 mg kg⁻¹ for lead, 3.85–15.9 mg kg⁻¹ for zinc, respectively. Regional changes in metal concentration were observed in the tissues of both species, but these variations may not influence consumption advisories.     

Cognitive predictors of COVID-19 mitigation behaviors in vaccinated and unvaccinated general population members

BackgroundGiven the long-term threat posed by COVID-19, predictors of mitigation behaviors are critical to identify. Prior studies have found that cognitive factors are associated with some COVID-19 mitigation behaviors, but few studies employ representative samples and no prior studies have examined cognitive predictors of vaccination status. The purpose of the present study was to examine associations between cognitive variables (executive function, delay discounting, and future orientation) and COVID-19 mitigation behaviors (mask wearing, social distancing, hand hygiene and vaccination) in a population representative sample.MethodsA population representative sample of 2,002 adults completed validated measures of delay discounting, future orientation, and executive function. Participants also reported frequency of mitigation behaviors, vaccination status, and demographics.ResultsFuture orientation was associated with more mask wearing (β = 0.160, 95 % CI [0.090, 0.220], p < 0.001), social distancing (β = 0.150, 95 % CI [0.070, 0.240], p < 0.001), hand hygiene behaviors (β = 0.090, 95 % CI [0.000, 0.190], p = 0.054), and a higher likelihood of being fully vaccinated (OR = 0.80, 95 % CI [0.670, 0.970], p = 0.020). Lower delay discounting predicted more consistent mask wearing (β = −0.060, 95 % CI[−0.120, −0.010], p = 0.032) and being fully vaccinated (OR = 1.28, 95 % CI [1.13, 1.44], p < 0.001), while more symptoms of executive dysfunction predicted less mask wearing (β = −0.240, 95 % CI [−0.320, −0.150] p < 0.001) and hand hygiene (β = −0.220, 95 % CI [−0.320, −0.130], p < 0.001), but not vaccination status (OR = 0.96, 95 % CI [0.80, 1.16], p = 0.690) or social distancing behaviors (β = −0.080, 95 % CI [−0.180, 0.020], p = 0.097). Overall, social distancing was the least well-predicted outcome from cognitive factors, while mask wearing was most well-predicted. Vaccination status was not a significant moderator of these effects of cognitive predictors on mitigation behaviors.ConclusionsCognitive variables predict significant variability in mitigation behaviors. regardless of vaccination status. In particular, thinking about the future and discounting it less may encourage more consistent implementation of mitigating behaviors.     

Selection of Gut-Resistant Bacteria and Construction of Microbial Consortia for Improving Gluten Digestion under Simulated Gastrointestinal Conditions

This work aimed to define the microbial consortia that are able to digest gluten into non-toxic and non-immunogenic peptides in the human gastrointestinal tract. Methods: 131 out of 504 tested Bacillus and lactic acid bacteria, specifically Bacillus (64), lactobacilli (63), Pediococcus (1), and Weissella (3), showed strong gastrointestinal resistance and were selected for their PepN, PepI, PepX, PepO, and PepP activities toward synthetic substrates. Based on multivariate analysis, 24 strains were clearly distinct from the other tested strains based on having the highest enzymatic activities. As estimated by RP-HPLC and nano-ESI–MS/MS, 6 cytoplasmic extracts out of 24 selected strains showed the ability to hydrolyze immunogenic epitopes, specifically 57–68 of α9-gliadin, 62–75 of A-gliadin, 134–153 of γ-gliadin, and 57–89 (33-mer) of α2-gliadin. Live and lysed cells of selected strains were combined into different microbial consortia for hydrolyzing gluten under gastrointestinal conditions. Commercial proteolytic enzymes (Aspergillus oryzae E1, Aspergillus niger E2, Bacillus subtilis Veron HPP, and Veron PS proteases) were also added to each microbial consortium. Consortium activity was evaluated by ELISA tests, RP-HPLC-nano-ESI–MS/MS, and duodenal explants from celiac disease patients. Results: two microbial consortia (Consortium 4: Lactiplantibacillus (Lp.) plantarum DSM33363 and DSM33364, Lacticaseibacillus (Lc.) paracasei DSM33373, Bacillus subtilis DSM33298, and Bacillus pumilus DSM33301; and Consortium 16: Lp. plantarum DSM33363 and DSM33364, Lc. paracasei DSM33373, Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM33374, Bacillus megaterium DSM33300, B. pumilus DSM33297 and DSM33355), containing commercial enzymes, were able to hydrolyze gluten to non-toxic and non-immunogenic peptides under gastrointestinal conditions. Conclusions: the results of this study provide evidence that selected microbial consortia could potentially improve the digestion of gluten in gluten-sensitive patients by hydrolyzing the immunogenic peptides during gastrointestinal digestion.     

A novel tetrameric gp350 as a potential Epstein–Barr virus vaccine

Infectious mononucleosis and B-cell transformation in response to infection with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is dependent upon binding of the EBV envelope glycoprotein gp350 to CD21 on B-cells. Gp350-specific antibody comprises most of the EBV neutralizing activity in the serum of infected patients, making this protein a promising target antigen for a prophylactic EBV vaccine. We describe a novel, tetrameric gp350-based vaccine that exhibits markedly enhanced immunogenicity relative to its monomeric counterpart. Plasmid DNA was constructed for synthesis, within transfected CHO cells, of a tetrameric, truncated (a.a. 1–470) gp350 protein (gp350^1–470). Tetrameric gp350^1–470 induced ∼20-fold higher serum titers of gp350^1–470-specific IgG and >19-fold enhancements in neutralizing titers at the highest dose, and was >25-fold more immunogenic on a per-weight basis than monomeric gp350^1–470. Further, epidermal immunization with plasmid DNA encoding gp350^1–470 tetramer induced 8-fold higher serum titers of gp350^1–470-specific IgG relative to monomer. Tetrameric gp350^1–470 binding to human CD21 was >24-fold more efficient on a per-weight basis than monomer, but neither tetramer nor monomer mediated polyclonal human B-cell activation. Finally, the introduction of strong, universal tetanus toxoid (TT)-specific CD4+ T-cell epitopes into the tetrameric gp350^1–470 had no effect on the gp350^1–470-specific IgG response in naïve mice, and resulted in suppressed gp350^1–470-specific IgG responses in TT-primed mice. Collectively, these data suggest that tetrameric gp350^1–470 is a potentially promising candidate for testing as a prophylactic EBV vaccine, and that protein multimerization, using the approach described herein, is likely to be clinically relevant for enhancing the immunogenicity of other proteins of vaccine interest.     

Serum Retinol,Folic Acid,and Copper Are Associated With Sperm Abnormalities in Men With Obesity

Background and objectives: Micronutrients may influence the development and differentiation of sperm cells. The aim of this study was to assess the possible association of deficiencies in several vitamins and trace elements with sperm abnormalities in men with obesity.

Participants and methods: Thirty male patients with moderate to severe obesity and ten lean controls who gave written informed consent were included. Anthropometric parameters were recorded. Hormonal and lipid profiles were analyzed, as well as serum concentrations of zinc, copper, retinol, α-tocopherol, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, cobalamin, and folic acid. For sperm analysis, we used the reference values proposed by the World Health Organization.

Results: Fourteen of the thirty men (47%) presented abnormal sperm results. The most common abnormality was low motility in 33% of them, followed by low sperm concentration in 27% of the patients. Patients with abnormal sperm results showed lower serum folic acid (p = 0.005) and higher serum estradiol (p = 0.015) and copper (p = 0.033) than lean controls. The ejaculate volume inversely correlated with body mass index (BMI; r = ?0.378, p = 0.016) and serum estradiol (r = ?0.328, p = 0.041). Total number of sperm correlated inversely with BMI (r = ?0.428, p = 0.006) and serum estradiol (r = ?0.507, p = 0.001) and positively with serum folic acid (r = 0.356, p = 0.026) and retinol (r = 0.421, p = 0.009). Total motility of sperm inversely correlated with BMI (r = ?0.433, p = 0.005), serum estradiol (r = ?0.475, p = 0.002), and copper (r = ?0.416, p = 0.012) and positively correlated with serum folic acid (r = 0.522, p = 0.001) and retinol (r = 0.350, p = 0.034).

Conclusions: Sperm abnormalities in men with obesity are associated with excess body weight and micronutrient concentrations.     

The Role of Social Support in Machismo and Acceptance of Violence Among Adolescents in Europe: Lights4Violence Baseline Results

PurposeTo analyze the potential association between social support, experiences of violence, and sociodemographic characteristics of adolescents and the likelihood of acceptance of violence and machismo in different European countries.MethodsCross-sectional design. We recruited 1,555 participants ages 13–16 from secondary schools in Alicante (Spain), Rome (Italy), Iasi (Romania), Matosinhos (Portugal), Poznan (Poland), and Cardiff (UK). We used linear regression models to identify how social support from teachers and parents, experiences of violence—dating violence, bullying, cyberbullying, abuse in childhood—and sociodemographic characteristics were associated with violent thinking, specifically: machismo and acceptance of violence. The analysis was stratified by sex.ResultsAcceptance of violence was higher for those who had lower perceived social support from parents (β_girls = ?154, p < .001; β_boys = ?.114, p = .019) for both sexes. Perpetration of bullying and/or cyberbullying was associated with higher scores for machismo and acceptance of violence for both sexes (β_girls = .067, p = .035; β_boys = .225, p < .001; (β_girls = .118, p < .001; β_boys = .210, p < .001). Being the victim of dating violence, having suffered physical and/or sexual abuse in childhood, and lower perceived social support from teachers were associated with higher scores for both machismo and acceptance of violence. These associations differed between girls and boys.ConclusionsMachismo and acceptance of violence are widely present amongst adolescents in different European countries. Our results suggest the importance of providing educational/psycho-educational interventions with boys and girls to prevent these attitudes and, in turn, prevent interpersonal violence, including bullying and dating violence.     

Measurements and Characteristics of Nitrogen-Containing Compounds in Atmospheric Particulate Matter in Beijing, China

The total nitrogen (TN) and water-soluble nitrogenous ions were determined by using CHN Elemental Analyzer and ion chromatography method, respectively, from November 24, 1998 to February 12, 1999 in Beijing. The average concentrations of TN, NH₄ ⁺ and NO₃ ⁻ were 10.62 μg N m⁻³, 6.67 μg m⁻³ and 10.01 μg m⁻³, respectively. The total inorganic nitrogen (IN) calculated from NH₄ ⁺ and NO₃ ⁻ was 7.45 μg N m⁻³, accounting for 70% of TN, i.e., 30% of TN existed as organic nitrogen form (ON). The correlation between ON and other pollution tracers showed that, coal combustion, biomass burning, soil humic matter and secondary formation were the important sources of ON in particulate matter in Beijing.     

Short-term dietary supplementation with fructose accelerates gastric emptying of a fructose but not a glucose solution

ObjectiveShort-term dietary glucose supplementation has been shown to accelerate the gastric emptying rate of both glucose and fructose solutions. The aim of this study was to examine gastric emptying rate responses to monosaccharide ingestion following short-term dietary fructose supplementation.MethodsThe gastric emptying rate of a fructose solution containing 36 g of fructose and an equicaloric glucose solution containing 39.6 g glucose monohydrate were measured in 10 healthy non-smoking men with and without prior fructose supplementation (water control) using a randomized crossover design. Gastric emptying rate was assessed for a period of 1 h using the [¹³C]breath test with sample collections at baseline and 10-min intervals following drink ingestion. Additionally, appetite ratings of hunger, fullness, and prospective food consumption were recorded at baseline and every 10 min using visual analog scales.ResultsIncreased dietary fructose ingestion resulted in significantly accelerated half-emptying time of a fructose solution (mean = 48, SD = 6 versus 58, SD = 14 min control; P = 0.037), whereas the emptying of a glucose solution remained unchanged (mean = 85, SD = 31 versus 78, SD = 27 min control; P = 0.273). Time of maximal emptying rate of fructose was also significantly accelerated following increased dietary fructose intake (mean = 33, SD = 6 versus 38, SD = 9 min control; P = 0.042), while it remained unchanged for glucose (mean = 45, SD = 14 versus 44, SD = 14 min control; P = 0.757). No effects of supplementation were observed for appetite measures.ConclusionThree d of supplementation with 120 g/d of fructose resulted in an acceleration of gastric emptying rate of a fructose solution but not a glucose solution.