反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯的结晶性对丁苯橡胶/反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯共混硫化胶拉伸性能的影响

用X射线衍射仪分析了反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯(TPI)的拉伸结晶性能,研究了其对丁苯橡胶(SBR)/TPI共混硫化胶拉伸性能的影响。结果表明,TPI具有明显的拉伸诱导结晶特性。未填充炭黑的SBR/TPI共混硫化胶及TPI硫化胶的结晶衍射峰强度从大到小依次为预拉伸试样、拉断试样和原始试样,并且TPI用量越多相应试样的结晶衍射峰强度越大;炭黑填充SBR/TPI共混硫化胶的结晶度比相应的未填充试样低得多。炭黑填充SBR/TPI共混硫化胶的拉伸强度比未填充胶料明显提高,硬度随TPI用量增加而提高的幅度低于未填充者;未填充胶料的扯断伸长率先降低后升高,而填充胶料整体上呈现下降的趋势;未填充及填充胶料的100%定伸应力都随着TPI用量的增加而升高;炭黑填充胶料在50 mm/min拉伸速率下的拉伸强度比500 mm/min拉伸速率下测得结果的增长幅度以及预拉伸试样比原始试样拉伸强度的增长幅度都小于未填充胶料。     

拉伸疲劳过程中未填充丁苯橡胶/反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯共混硫化胶性能的变化

研究了反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯(TPI)用量不同的未填充丁苯橡胶(SBR)/TPI共混硫化胶的拉伸疲劳性能,考察了TPI用量为20份(质量,下同)的未填充SBR/TPI共混硫化胶在拉伸疲劳过程中动态性能及TPI结晶性能的变化。结果表明,TPI用量为20份或30份时SBR/TPI共混硫化胶的拉伸疲劳性能较好,随TPI用量增加其疲劳断裂表面的撕裂线逐渐增多。X射线衍射分析表明SBR/TPI(质量比为80/20)共混硫化胶的结晶衍射峰强度随着拉伸疲劳次数的增加而不断增强。动态力学分析表明SBR与TPI的相容性良好;随拉伸疲劳次数增加SBR硫化胶损耗因子的峰值不断降低,而TPI用量为20份的SBR/TPI共混硫化胶在拉伸疲劳过程中损耗因子峰值的变化不明显,但损耗因子在40～60℃有较大幅度的下降。     

充油对反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯及其与丁苯橡胶并用胶性能的影响

采用干法充油工艺,将门尼黏度为120的反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯(TPI)充芳烃油37.5份制备充油反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯(OETPI).对TPI、OETPI的生胶、硫化胶及其与丁苯橡胶(SBR)并用硫化胶的性能进行了对比.结果表明,OETPI生胶的硬度、门尼黏度、物理机械性能都比TPI的低;OETPI混炼胶的硫化速率比TPI混炼胶的高;OETPI硫化胶的100%和300%定伸应力、邵尔A硬度、拉伸强度等物理机械性能与TPI硫化胶的相比有所降低;磨耗、压缩生热、压缩永久变形增大.与TPI/SBR混炼胶相比,OETPI/SBR混炼胶具有更高的炭黑分散度,较高的硫化速率;OETPI/SBR并用硫化胶的抗湿滑性比TPI/SBR并用硫化胶明显提高,物理机械性能、滚动阻力和动态生热变化不大,耐屈挠龟裂性能提高.     

门尼黏度对反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯及其并用胶性能的影响

研究了门尼黏度对反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯(TPI)及丁苯橡胶(SBR)／TPI并用胶性能的影响。结果表明,TPI生胶的邵尔A型硬度随其门尼黏度的增大而增大,当门尼黏度为70左右时,TPI生胶的拉伸强度、扯断伸长率、100％定伸应力、撕裂强度及结晶度出现最大值;随着TPI门尼黏度的增大,其硫化胶的力学性能提高,Goodrich压缩生热减小,撕裂强度在门尼黏度为90左右时存在最大值,TPI的最佳门尼黏度为50～100：TPI硫化胶的热氧老化以断链反应为主,门尼黏度越高,混炼难度越大,同时硫化胶的耐老化性能越差。TPI的门尼黏度越高,SBR／TPI并用胶60℃的损耗因子越低,0℃的损耗因子基本不变,其硫化胶的力学性能较好,但混炼困难,TPI适宜的门尼黏度为50～100。     

拉伸结晶对反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯/丁苯橡胶并用硫化胶性能的影响

研究了反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯(TPI)拉伸结晶对TPI/丁苯橡胶(SBR)并用硫化胶性能的影响。结果表明,TPI拉伸结晶能够明显降低TPI/SBR并用硫化胶的扯断伸长率;热老化后,随着预拉伸倍数的增大,TPI/SBR并用硫化胶硬度的变化增大,拉伸强度和扯断伸长率的变化率增大。预拉伸2.0倍时试样的动态疲劳性能最好。随着预拉伸倍数的增大,试样的熔融温度逐渐向高温方向移动,结晶度呈现出降低趋势。     

不同门尼黏度反式-1，4-聚异戊二烯与炭黑的相互作用及其对硫化胶性能的影响

研究了不同门尼黏度反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯(TPI)与炭黑N 330的相互作用及其对TPI硫化胶物理机械性能和疲劳性能的影响.结果表明,随TPI生胶门尼黏度增大,炭黑结合胶含量减少,炭黑分散性变差,增强作用减弱.未填充炭黑TPI硫化胶的100%定伸应力和拉伸强度随TPI门尼黏度的增大而显著提高;用炭黑增强后,不同门尼黏度TPI硫化胶的100%定伸应力和拉伸强度差别不大.不同门尼黏度TPI硫化胶的压缩生热和压缩永久变形在填充炭黑后均增大,其中低门尼黏度的增加幅度显著大于高门尼黏度者;不同门尼黏度TPI硫化胶压缩生热的变化主要由炭黑与橡胶之间的作用引起.生胶门尼黏度为50～80的TPI硫化胶的动态疲劳性能较好.     

溶液法反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯/天然橡胶共混胶的性能

研究了用负载钛催化剂、通过溶液聚合法合成的高纯度反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯(TPI)与天然橡胶(NR)共混胶的硫化特性、力学性能、老化性能以及动态疲劳性能。结果表明,与NR相比,TPI与NR质量比为20/80共混胶的门尼黏度稍高,硫化特性基本相当,力学性能略有下降,而其动态疲劳性能则提高至NR的3~4倍。当硫黄与促进剂M的质量比为2.5/1.0时,TPI/NR共混胶的综合性能达到最佳。     

炭黑对TPI及其并用胶性能的影响

研究炭黑对反式 1,4 聚异戊二烯 (TPI)及其并用胶性能的影响。结果表明 ,填充炭黑后 ,TPI混炼胶的结晶度和物理性能下降 ;采用粒径较小的炭黑补强的TPI硫化胶、NR/TPI和SBR/TPI并用硫化胶的物理性能较好 ,但动态性能较差 ,采用粒径较大的炭黑补强的这 3种胶料的动态性能较好 ,但物理性能较差 ;采用炭黑N3 3 0补强的NR/TPI和SBR/TPI并用胶综合性能较好 ,可用作高速低滚动阻力轮胎胎面胶。     

反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯的应用研究进展

介绍了反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯(TPI)性能及其与其他橡胶共混的研究进展,阐述了TPI的结晶特性和硫化特性,结合共混胶的研究情况分析了其疲劳性能提高的原因,展望了TPI的研究趋势和应用前景.     

反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯改性氯丁橡胶的研究

研究了不同门尼粘度的反式-1，4-聚异戊二烯（TPI）与氯丁橡胶（CR）并用胶的性能，并对比了CR／TPI与CR硫化胶的性能。结果表明，CR中并用10份TPI可明显改善开炼机混炼时的粘辊性、胶料在硫化过程中产生气泡等缺陷；并用TPI后。硫化胶的物理机械性能、耐热老化性能和耐臭氧性能有所下降，但当TPI与CR门尼粘度相近时，硫化胶的耐屈挠疲劳性能可提高1倍左右。     

TPI结晶性对硫黄硫化SBR/TPI并用胶性能的影响

分别研究了反式—1,4—聚异戊二烯（TPI）结晶性对普通硫黄硫化体系（CV）和半有效硫黄硫化体系（SEV）硫化的SBR/TPI硫化胶性能的影响。结果表明,SEV体系的硫化胶结晶熔融焓略高。与CV体系相比,SEV体系的硫化试样拉伸强度高。在同一压缩深度下,当TPI用量超过50份后,SEV体系的硫化胶压缩强度高于CV体系的硫化胶。同一并用比时,SEV体系的硫化胶tanδ峰值低于CV体系的硫化胶;随着TPI用量的增加,两种体系的硫化胶tanδ峰值之间的差异逐渐减小。     

Effect of crosslink structures on dynamic mechanical properties of natural rubber vulcanizates under different aging conditions

The effects of crosslink structures on the dynamic mechanical properties (DMPs) of unfilled and carbon black N330‐filled natural rubber (NR) vulcanizates cured with conventional (CV), semiefficient (SEV), and efficient (EV) cure systems and having about the same total crosslink densities were investigated before and after aerobic and anaerobic aging at 100°C. The three unfilled NR vulcanizates cured with the CV, SEV, and EV systems had about the same mechanical loss factor (tan δ) values at about 0°C but showed some apparent differences in the tan δ values in the order EV > SEV > CV at relatively high temperatures of 40–80°C before aging. However, N330‐filled NR vulcanizates gave higher tan δ values than the unfilled vulcanizates and showed little effect of the crosslink types on the tan δ at different temperatures over the glass‐transition temperature (T_g) before aging. Aerobic heat aging increased the T_g and tan δ values of the vulcanizates over a wide range of temperatures from ?80 to 90°C that was mainly due to the changes in the total density and types of crosslinks. The unfilled vulcanizates cured with the CV system showed the greatest change in DMP because of their poor resistance to heat aging. Aerobic heat aging of NR vulcanizates caused a more significant change in the DMP than anaerobic heat aging because of the dominant effect of the oxidative degradation during aerobic heat aging on the main‐chain structure, crosslink structures, and DMPs of the vulcanizates. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 710–718, 2001     

TPI结晶性对CV体系硫化SBR/TPI并用胶性能的影响

研究了反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯（TPI）结晶性对传统硫磺硫化（CV）体系硫化丁苯橡胶（SBR）/TPI并用胶硫化特性及物理性能的影响。结果表明,增大TPI的并用量,能够提高SBR/TPI并用胶的交联密度和硫化速度,延长焦烧时间;TPI冷冻结晶对SBR/TPI并用硫化胶的拉伸性能影响不大,拉伸诱导结晶能够提高SBR/TPI并用硫化胶的拉伸强度和100%定伸应力,降低SBR/TPI并用硫化胶扯断伸长率;随着TPI并用量的增大,SBR/TPI并用硫化胶的压缩强度和压缩永久变形增大。     

反式-1，4-聚异戊二烯硫化胶及其共混硫化胶的研究

研究了反式－１，４－聚异戊二烯（ＴＰＩ）硫化胶及其与ＢＲ，ＳＢＲ，ＮＲ共混硫化胶的性能。结果表明，通过控制硫黄用量即交联密度，可使ＴＰＩ硫化胶具有优异的力学和动态力学性能；ＴＰＩ与ＢＲ，ＳＢＲ，ＮＲ共混，工艺性能良好，当ＴＰＩ／ＢＲ，ＴＰＩ／ＳＢＲ和ＴＰＩ／ＮＲ共混比小于５０／５０时，共混硫化胶的力学和动态力学性能优于ＢＲ，ＳＢＲ和ＮＲ硫化胶，特别是拉伸疲劳寿命大大延长，这正是高性能轮胎所需要的     

Effect of organoclay reinforcement on the curing characteristics and technological properties of SBR sulphur vulcanizates

Styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) nanocomposites with different organoclay contents (up to 15 phr) were prepared by a melt compounding procedure, followed by a compression‐molding step in which the SBR matrix was sulfur crosslinked. The vulcanizates were characterized in respect to their curing, mechanical and viscoelastic properties, and thermal stability. The optimum cure time decreased with increasing organoclay content. This effect was attributed to the ammonium modifier present in the organoclay, which takes part in the curing reaction acting like an accelerator. The results of mechanical test on the vulcanizates showed that the nanocomposites presented better mechanical properties than unfilled SBR vulcanizate, indicating the nanoreinforcement effect of clay on the mechanical properties of SBR/organoclay nanocomposites. The addition of organoclay did not significantly change the glass transition temperature. However, the heights of tan δ value at the glass transition temperature for the nanocomposites are lower than that of the unfilled SBR. This suggests a strong interaction between the organoclay and the SBR matrix as the molecular relaxation of the latter is hampered. The temperature at which 50% degradation occurs (T₅₀) and the temperature when the degradation rate is maximum (DTG_max) showed an improvement in thermal stability, probably related to the uniform dispersion of organoclay. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Effects of hot‐air aging and dynamic fatigue on the structure and dynamic viscoelastic properties of unfilled natural rubber vulcanizates

The effects of hot‐air aging and dynamic tensile fatigue on the network structure and dynamic viscoelastic properties of unfilled natural rubber (NR) vulcanizates were investigated with magnetic resonance crosslink density spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy/attenuated total reflection (FTIR–ATR), and dynamic mechanical analysis. The results showed that there was a carbonyl weak absorption peak at 1723 cm^?1 in the FTIR–ATR spectra of unfilled NR vulcanizates after hot‐air aging; The crosslink density decreased continuously as the aging time increased. The dynamic modulus of an aged specimen declined considerably, and the value of tan δ after 72 h of aging greatly increased. There was a large difference in the FTIR–ATR spectra of unfilled NR vulcanizates before and after tensile fatigue. The peaks at 1597, 1415, and 1015 cm^?1 increased concurrently with the tensile fatigue time. Initial analysis suggested that structures such as conjugated dienes appeared in the network structure. The modulus declined sharply, whereas the value of tan δ increased noticeably, after tensile fatigue. The effects of hot‐air aging and tensile fatigue on the crosslink density and FTIR–ATR spectra of unfilled NR vulcanizates were different, but both affected the viscoelastic properties dramatically. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯的结晶性

采用差示扫描量热仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱、偏光显微镜和X射线衍射仪等研究了反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯(TPI)的结晶性。结果表明,在TPI的差示扫描量热分析中,随着升温速率提高,第1次升温曲线上的β晶型熔融温度移向高温;而第2次升温曲线上的α晶型结晶熔融峰逐渐消失,且与第1次升温时相比β晶型的熔融温度偏高;而随着降温速率的提高,TPI的结晶峰向低温方向位移。用不同方法制备的TPI薄膜可以得到球晶、碎晶和捆束状晶体。与浇铸薄膜相比,热压薄膜傅里叶变换红外光谱曲线上的843 cm-1和980 cm-1两侧各出现了2个肩峰,而890 cm-1处的结晶峰消失。拉伸后在TPI的X射线衍射谱线上,0.47 nm和0.39 nm晶面间距的所属峰形比拉伸前要尖锐得多,而0.33 nm晶面间距所属峰则弱化。     

TPI及SBR/TPI并用胶结晶特性的研究

使用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了纯TPI粉末与SBR/TPI并用胶的结晶特性。结果表明,TPI粉末的第1次升温曲线上,β晶体的熔融温度随升温速率的增大逐渐提高,α晶体熔融峰高于β晶体;消除热历史后,β晶体熔融峰高于α晶体,且α晶体随着升温速率的提高逐渐消失;与第1次测试结果相比,第2次升温测得的结晶度呈下降趋势。冷冻作用能够稍微增大未填充SBR/TPI并用胶的结晶度。升温速率对未填充SBR/TPI并用胶晶体熔融峰的峰形分辨率有较大影响。随着TPI用量的增大,未填充并用胶及其硫化胶的结晶熔融焓均增大。填充炭黑后,SBR/TPI并用胶及其硫化胶都比未填充时的峰形钝化变宽。