腹腔镜治疗子宫内膜异位症的探讨

目的探讨腹腔镜手术在治疗子宫内膜异位症中的临床效果。方法回顾性分析我院近2年来对80例子宫内膜异位症患者(AFS分期)采用腹腔镜治疗后的临床效果。结果 80例中76例成功实施腹腔镜手术,手术时间30~150min,行异位病灶电凝术32例,粘连松解术27例,输卵管造口术12例,卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剥除术65例,单侧子宫肌瘤剥除术36例,双侧子宫肌瘤剥除术13例,其中4例因盆腔广泛粘连操作困难,转开腹手术。随访观察得知,74例患者痛经症状减轻或消失,无术后并发症。结论腹腔镜手术治疗子宫内膜异位症不仅手术创伤小,而且安全有效,具有术后恢复快的特点。     

浅析腹腔镜治疗子宫内膜异位症的临床效果

目的 探讨腹腔镜手术在治疗子宫内膜异位症中的临床效果.方法回顾性分析本院近2年来对 80例子宫内膜异位症患者 （AFS分期 -Ⅳ ）采用腹腔镜治疗后的临床效果.结果 80例中 76例成功实施腹腔镜手术,手术时间 30~150min,行异位病灶电凝术 32例,粘连松解术 27例,输卵管造口术 12例,卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剥除术 65例,单侧附件剥除术 36例,双侧附件剥除术 13例,其中 4例因盆腔广泛粘连操作困难,转开腹手术.随访观察得知,74例患者痛经症状减轻或消失,无术后并发症.结论 腹腔镜手术治疗子宫内膜异位症不仅手术创伤小,而且安全有效,具有术后恢复快的特点.     

卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿腹腔镜手术治疗64例报告

目的探讨腹腔镜手术治疗卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿的临床效果。方法总结近3年收治的64例子宫内膜异位症的腹腔镜手术治疗经验。结果64例均在腹腔镜下完成,无中转手术。手术时间平均62min;术中出血平均50ml。按AFS分期,Ⅱ期5例(7.8%),Ⅲ期27例(42.2%),Ⅳ期32例(50.0%)。行单侧囊肿剥除术36例,双侧23例;单侧附件切除5例。术后随访12～36个月,复查B超发现有5例附件区囊肿,复发率为7.8%。痛经34例中30例明显好转,4例减轻。不孕症27例中13例妊娠,妊娠率48.1%。有4例出现轻度皮下气肿,余无并发症发生。结论腹腔镜手术治疗卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿可达到传统开腹手术治疗的效果,并具有微创手术的优点。     

腹腔镜下卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿手术148例分析

目的探讨腹腔镜下卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿手术治疗效果。方法对2000年1月—2010年1月收治的148例卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿患者进行回顾性分析。结果手术全部成功,无中转开腹。手术时间32～127min,平均68.6min。术中出血量30～450ml,平均85.3ml。住院天数3～9d,平均5.3d。单侧子宫内膜异位囊肿剔除81例,双侧32例,单侧附件切除加对侧囊肿剔除21例,全子宫加双侧附件切除14例。43例不孕症患者,输卵管单侧或双侧通畅36例(83.7%),伞端闭锁造口4例,双侧不通3例。R-AFS分期,Ⅰ期16例,Ⅱ期25例,Ⅲ期79例,Ⅳ期28例。复发率16.5%,远期并发症2.0%(3/148),痛经缓解总有效率63.6%(28/44),妊娠率41.9%(18/43)。结论腹腔镜手术创伤小、恢复快。治疗子宫内膜异位囊肿安全、有效,并且可以提高不孕症的妊娠率。     

腹腔镜术后应用内美通短程治疗子宫内膜异位症55例临床分析

目的总结腹腔镜手术联合内美通短程治疗子宫内膜异位症的临床效果.方法采用腹腔镜联合内美通短程治疗子宫内膜异位症55例.镜下卵巢巧克力囊肿剥除术45例;盆腔异位灶电灼术10例.结果所有病例均在腹腔镜下完成手术,成功率达100%.术后随访24个月,痛经症状明显缓解;妊娠率达62.5%;复发率为3.64%.结论腹腔镜术后辅以内美通短程治疗子宫内膜异位症,可使病灶复发时间延迟;降低复发率;提高妊娠率.     

子宫内膜异位症伴不孕患者GnRH-a联合腹腔镜手术治疗后妊娠情况的影响因素

目的：分析子宫内膜异位症伴不孕患者促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRH-a)联合腹腔镜手术治疗后妊娠情况的影响因素。方法：收集2019-06～2020-05漯河市郾城区人民医院收治的39例接受GnRH-a联合腹腔镜手术治疗后妊娠成功的子宫内膜异位症伴不孕患者资料，纳入实验组；另收集同期39例接受GnRH-a联合腹腔镜手术治疗后妊娠失败的子宫内膜异位症伴不孕患者资料，纳入对照组。查阅患者基线资料，将可能的影响因素纳入，经Logistic回归分析找出可能导致子宫内膜异位症伴不孕患者GnRH-a联合腹腔镜手术治疗后妊娠失败的影响因素。结果：两组不孕时间、术后输卵管不通畅、r-AFS分期对比，有统计学差异(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析提示，不孕时间≥3年、术后输卵管不通畅、r-AFS分期为Ⅲ～Ⅳ是导致子宫内膜异位症伴不孕患者GnRH-a联合腹腔镜手术治疗后妊娠失败的影响因素(OR>1,P<0.05)。结论：子宫内膜异位症伴不孕患者GnRH-a联合腹腔镜手术治疗后妊娠失败与不孕时间、术后输卵管不通畅、r-AFS分期等因素有关。     

腹腔镜在输卵管因素不孕症中的临床应用

目的探讨腹腔镜在诊治输卵管因素不孕症中的应用价值。方法对23例不孕症患者采用腹腔镜检查术分析输卵管性不孕的主要原因，同时进行腹腔镜下盆腔粘连分离、伞端成形或输卵管造口术，美兰输卵管通液术。结果23例患者均于腹腔内发现病变并实施手术操作。23例中双侧输卵管阻塞2例（8．69％），单侧输卵管阻塞7例（30．43％），双侧输卵管积水合并伞端闭锁10例（43．48％），腹茧症2例（8．69％），输卵管发育异常2例（8．69％）。其中全部病例均有不同程度的盆腔粘连，术中发现子宫小肌瘤2例，子宫内膜异位症4例。经治疗后17例双侧输卵管通畅（73．91％）；3例一侧通畅（13．04％）。至今，共妊娠7例（30．43％）结论腹腔镜检查术可清楚地了解盆腔内情况，发现病变并同时进行治疗，腹腔镜手术是女性输卵管性不孕症诊治的重要手段，治疗输卵管性不孕，特别是远端阻塞者再通率高、创伤小、疗效肯定，值得推广应用，是不孕症诊治的理想途径。     

腹腔镜手术治疗输卵管异位妊娠64例临床分析

目的：探讨腹腔镜手术中根据异位妊娠的类型及临床特点选择不同的手术方式在异位妊娠诊治中的可行性、安全性及治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2011年11月-2013年12月在我院行腹腔镜手术治疗的64例异位妊娠患者的临床资料、手术方法和治疗效果。结果本组64例均接受了腹腔镜检查及治疗,术中发现4例异位妊娠患者合并有子宫内膜异位症、26例异位妊娠患者合并有盆腔炎,15例异位妊娠患者合并有腹部手术后输卵管粘连。1例患者因腹腔粘连严重而中转开腹,余63例均成功经腹腔镜手术。其中腹腔镜下患侧输卵管切除术28例,占43.75％;保留输卵管手术（保守性手术）35例,占54．68％。术后随访3-12个月,无持续性异位妊娠发生。结论腹腔镜手术治疗异位妊娠安全、有效,保留输卵管手术可作为一种常规手术加以应用。     

腹腔镜术诊治子宫内膜异位症32例分析

目的评价腹腔镜手术治疗子宫内膜异位症的临床价值。方法总结了32例子宫内膜异位症（R-AFS分期Ⅰ-Ⅳ期）在电视腹腔镜下进行诊断并完成手术的经验。结果32例病人均在腹腔镜下明确诊断并完成手术。手术时间平均30min～1h40min,平均住院3.2d,无术后并发症,对于术中有不能清除病灶的患者,术后给予药物治疗。术后追踪25例,痛经缓解7例,再次妊娠18例,B超检查均未发现卵巢内膜异位囊肿。结论腹腔镜手术治疗子宫内膜异位症安全、有效。     

腹腔镜手术治疗卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿32例临床分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜手术治疗卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿的临床应用价值.方法 回顾分析经腹腔镜手术治疗子宫内膜异位囊肿32例患者的临床资料.结果 32例患者中行一侧囊肿剥除术21例,双侧囊肿剥除术4例,一侧附件切除术7例,同时输卵管造口术1例,无1例中转开腹.32例腹腔镜下手术时间25～110 min,平均51 min.术中出血20～50 ml,平均24ml.术后病理捡查均证实为卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿.术后平均住院4～5d.术中及术后均无严重并发症发生.本组32例随访3～36个月,痛经完全缓解10例(83.3％),部分缓解2例(16.6％);3例月经紊乱者恢复正常;有生育要求的患者中3例术后半年妊娠,2例术后1年妊娠,1例术后两年妊娠;1例尚未妊娠.术后2例12～18个月子宫内膜异位囊肿复发,复发率6.25％ (2/32),复发后再次行腹腔镜治疗,行一侧附件切除术.结论 腹腔镜下保守手术是目前公认的安全、有效的手术方法,可作为治疗卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿的首选术式.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.