基于相对论超短电子束的THz源

THz波的产生有多种途径,清华大学加速器实验室正致力于发展基于相对论电子束的高峰值功率的THz辐射源。本文分别从高峰值流强的单束团与基于激光整形的多脉冲束团序列出发,介绍实验室在宽谱高电场梯度和准单频可调谐THz辐射等方面的研究进展。高亮度电子束团由新一代光阴极电子枪产生,经3 m行波加速管加速,能量可达~50 MeV,采用速度压缩机制可使束团长度达到百飞秒量级。该超短相对论束团可通过多种机制产生高峰值功率的THz辐射,目前,实验室已通过相干渡越辐射(CTR)获得单脉冲能量18μJ的THz辐射输出。同时,提出了一种结合欠压缩工作模式和漂移压缩方法的新束团压缩方案,可进一步将束团压缩至几十飞秒,有望获得频率范围为0.1 THz~30 THz的超宽谱THz辐射。本文同时介绍了多脉冲超短电子束序列的束团测量实验结果,通过模拟研究验证了基于该束团序列CTR产生高功率、可调谐准单频THz辐射的可行性,并进行了相应的实验方案设计。     

0.2 THz频段的光子晶体微带天线研究

将缺陷型一维光子晶体应用在微带天线上,设计了一款工作在0.2 THz 频段处的光子晶体微带天线,并且利用基于有限元法的三维电磁仿真软件 HFSS 以及软件 Origin 进行模拟仿真及作图。研究表明：光子晶体微带天线的增益可以达到9.3 dB,与普通微带天线相比增益增加了2.5 dB。并且讨论了光子晶体的周期层数对微带天线的影响,发现光子晶体周期层数为3层时,天线的回波损耗最低。然后以周期层数为3层的光子晶体微带天线为例,讨论了不同的光子晶体与微带天线的距离对天线的增益和回波损耗的影响。     

Analysis of THz Wave High Efficiency Photonic Crystals Microstrip Antenna

对一款THz频段矩形微带贴片天线进行理论分析与设计,采用光子晶体带隙结构介质,通过对空气孔半径、孔距和微带线宽度的扫频分析,微带天线获得最佳传输性能.仿真结果显示天线的回波损耗从- 19.45 dB降至-41 dB,驻波比(VSWR≤2)阻带带宽从3％增加至4.1％,最大增益天线辐射方向达到8.8dB.仿真结果表明:光子晶体带隙结构能有效提高天线的传输效能.     

基于二维光子晶体的多频段太赫兹波滤波器研究

基于二维光子晶体,提出一种多频段 太赫兹(THz)波滤波器。在光子晶体中引入3条平行的横向波导,通过改变介质柱的半 径或插入半径较小的介质柱在 相邻波导之间构成耦合区域,使特定频率的THz波从中部波导耦合至上、下侧光子晶体波 导并分别从端口2和1输出, 其余的THz波经中部波导从端口3输出,最终达到多频段滤波的效果。利用时域有限差 分法和平面波展开法对所提出 的器件计算和仿真结果显示,频率为f=3.24和3.75THz的THz波分 别从端口1、2和3输出中,传输效率分 别达到95%和99% ,表明本文结构能很好实现多频段滤波效果。     

太赫兹波在二维正方晶格光子晶体中的传播特性

本文用平面波展开法研究了太赫兹波(THz)在二维正方晶格光子晶体中的传播特性。分析了晶格常数为a=0.1mm的正方晶格介质柱二维光子晶体,在0~1.8THz频段范围内,通过数值计算,发现当介质圆柱半径r=0.2a时,E偏振出现最大绝对光子带隙,带隙位于0.283-0.400THz,带隙宽度为0.117THz,相应的带隙波长范围为84.9μm至120μm,处于THz波段,并分析了随着相对介电常数差值的增大出现的TM带隙宽度增大。研究结果为THz器件的开发提供了理论依据。     

预群聚电子束团辐射特性

研究了预群聚电子束团沿周期性理想金属光栅表面平行移动时产生的史密斯-帕塞尔辐射(SPR).详细分析了电子束团能量、束团群聚长度、具有不同电流密度分布的电子束团以及光栅结构对辐射特性的影响,同时研究了多个群聚束团的辐射.分析发现,电子束团能量增加、束团群聚尺寸变小以及光栅周期变短,辐射能量角分布峰值所对应的频率明显向高频方向移动;光栅周期与电子束团参量相同的条件下,三角形光栅辐射能量角分布峰值所对应的频率明显高于正弦光栅;群聚束团尺寸越小辐射能量越大,并且束团的纵向群聚长度对辐射能量与辐射频率起主要作用.研究结果表明,通过合理选择光栅尺寸与束团参量,可获得工作频率锁定的太赫兹(THz)波段辐射.     

一种THz频段高效光子晶体微带天线分析

对一款THz频段矩形微带贴片天线进行理论分析与设计,采用光子晶体带隙结构介质,通过对空气孔半径、孔距和微带线宽度的扫频分析,微带天线获得最佳传输性能。仿真结果显示天线的回波损耗从-19.45 dB降至-41 dB,驻波比(VSWR≤2)阻带带宽从3%增加至4.1%,最大增益天线辐射方向达到8.8 dB。仿真结果表明:光子晶体带隙结构能有效提高天线的传输效能。     

THz辐射脉冲波形的电光取样测量

Terahertz（THz）电磁辐射是国际上近年来发展的一种新型相干辐射光源，通常可由超短脉冲激光在半导体材料中激发的解态载流子传输过程，非线性光学晶体中的光学整流过程，以及量子阱中的Bloch振荡等过程来产生．THz电磁辐射具有以下非常独特的性质：（1）这是一种频率介于远红外和微波之间的相干电磁辐射，典型的中心频率为1012Hz，即一个THz．（2）单个THz辐射脉冲具有非常大的辐射带宽。其频率带宽与中心频率之比的典型值为△v/v0≈1，甚至大于1；（3）THz辐射的时间波形可用光学手段进行相干测量。如作为探测光源就可以一次得到样…     

2维混合介质柱光子晶体传输特性的研究

为了研究晶体结构对电磁波传输特性的影响,提出了一种空气平板层和圆形复合介质柱混合组成的新型2维混合介质柱光子晶体结构.采用时域有限差分法对其进行了数值模拟和计算,研究了改变混合介质柱的形状和结构参量对晶体透射特性的影响.结果表明,该结构可以基本保留组合前光子晶体的主带隙,并且在新的频段产生新的禁带;在混合结构中将复合介质柱换为简单介质柱没有新的禁带产生.通过改变相关参量发现,增加介质平板的宽度,这增大内嵌介质柱的半径都有利于新禁带的产生.2维混合介质柱光子晶体比单一介质柱光子晶体有更多的可调因素,这为相关光子晶体器件的设计提供了理论依据.     

THz辐射大气传输研究和展望

THz辐射在大气中的传输特性是THz波空间通信、大气科学及遥感检测等空间应用的基础,掌握不同温度、高度、湿度和压力等条件下THz频段大气透过率窗口的位置和宽度对于促进该频段的应用具有重要意义。本文分析了THz辐射大气传输的研究概况,包括大气传输的基本原理,辐射传输方程的推导以及对各类THz辐射大气传输模型的比较,并指出尚待解决的问题,最后对THz辐射大气传输研究给出若干建议和展望。     

A THz Spectroscopy System Based on Coherent Radiation from Ultrashort Electron Bunches

A spectroscopy system will be discussed for coherent THz transition radiation emitted from short electron bunches, which are generated from a system consisting of an RF gun with a thermionic cathode, an alpha-magnet as a magnetic bunch compressor, and a linear accelerator for post-acceleration. The THz radiation is generated as backward transition radiation when electron bunches pass through an aluminum foil. The emitted THz transition radiation, which is coherent at wavelengths equal to and longer than the electron bunch length, is coupled to a Michelson interferometer. The performance of the spectroscopy system employing a Michelson interferometer is discussed. The radiation power spectra under different conditions are presented. As an example, the optical constant of a silicon wafer can be obtained using the dispersive Fourier transform spectroscopy (DFTS) technique.     

采用飞秒装置的高功率宽带太赫兹源

真空电子器件产生的THz辐射通常是基于环形或直线型的加速器装置。飞秒级的电子束团通过周期性的磁铁可产生高功率、宽带可调谐的相干太赫兹辐射。这种高功率的太赫兹源为太赫兹技术的应用研究提供了新的手段。介绍了一种基于飞秒直线加速器装置产生的相干太赫兹波荡器辐射源,它主要由S波段热阴极微波电子枪,磁铁和SLAC型加速管组成,该装置能够提供具有20~30 MeV能量、束团长度为100~300 fs的电子束团。波荡器采用的是Apple?鄄II型波荡器,通过调节波荡器两平行磁块的位置可以产生具有不同极化特性的太赫兹辐射。为了测量波荡器产生的相干THz辐射谱,采用改进型的迈克尔逊干涉仪来进行测量,给出了实验装置的介绍以及实验结果。     

Excitation of wake fields by lengthy electron bunches in a dielectric resonator

Theoretical research and numerical simulation of the wake-field excitation in a dielectric resonator by a regular sequence of relativistic electron bunches is carried out. A nonlinear system of equations for the multimode excitation of the wake field in the dielectric resonator is derived. The numerical simulation is carried out, and the dependences of the maximum amplitude of the longitudinal electric field on the bunch length and charge are investigated and physically interpreted.     

Control of island formation on silicon surfaces using ultra-high-vacuum scanning electron microscopy

In situ scanning electron microscopy has been used to control Au island formation on a patterned Si(111) surface with a periodic array of atomic-step bunches and holes. Liquid phase Au-Si islands were observed to redistribute on the patterned surface by annealing. The islands accumulate at a particular position of the step bunch in each pattern unit. This phenomenon is interpreted in terms of the energetic stability of a droplet on a patterned surface.     

THz Coherent Vavilov-Cherenkov Radiation in a Special Three-Mirror Cavity

In the modern science and technology a compact and having enough output power terahertz radiation source working in room temperature have earned great attention. This paper is devoted to utilize electron bunches stimulate Vavilov-Cherenkov Radiation (VCR) in a special three-mirror quasi-optical cavity to generate coherent THz waves. This novel three-mirror quasi-optical resonant cavity has the coaxial field pattern which enables field establish in this cavity effectively. The analytical theory of the radiation exited by a train of electron bunches in the special kind of three-mirror cavity has been carried out and the coherent VCR has been achieved by the computer simulation. All those shows that this method can be used to establish useful THz radiation source by the normal electron gun and the commonly used microwave devices.     

Enhancement of Coherent THz Smith-Purcell Radiation by Resonance Overlapping

Frequency-locked coherent Smith-Purcell Radiation (SPR) is emitted when a train of pre-bunched electron beam passes close to the surface of a metallic grating, which develops an energy density spectrum restricted to harmonics of the bunching frequency. For the lamellar grating with narrow grooves, the radiation spectrum from a single electron can also have a feature of narrow band, which is related to the grating structure and the beam energy. The combination of them is proposed in this paper. By properly choosing the parameters, the peak frequency of single electron radiation can be overlapped with the harmonics of the bunching frequency of the electron bunch train, leading to the generation of extremely intense narrow-band THz radiation.     

Design of a Power Extractor Using a Rectangular Dielectric Loaded Waveguide

We report on the design of a power extractor using a rectangular dielectric loaded (DL) waveguide. The use of a rectangular rather than a circular DL waveguide can potentially lead to higher output power, since a flat drive beam can then be used to mitigate space charge effects. This power extractor based on the LSM₁₁ mode is predicted to be able to generate 171 MW of power with a 100 nC/bunch drive train of electron bunches separated by 0.769 ns. An output coupler is also designed which is able to extract the generated power to standard waveguides with a 94% coupling efficiency. The propagation of an intense electron beam through a long rectangular DL waveguide is investigated. Results show that, by using a periodic magnetic focusing channel surrounding the waveguide, a 20 MeV, 40 nC beam can propagate up to 129 cm without significant particle losses.     

用平面波展开法计算二维方形光子晶体的带隙结构

用平面波展开法计算二维正方晶格光子晶体的带隙结构，对二维光子晶体的电磁波理论及周期介质中的Bloch波解进行了详细的推导，得出TE模和TM模下无缺陷时光子晶体的色散曲线，并设计了低频区域内具有较大带隙宽度的两种二维光子晶体的空间周期结构. 经过大量的计算，发现硅中的空气柱型光子晶体在红外波段TE模和TM模存在重叠的绝对光子带隙，并分别研究了空气中的硅介质柱和硅中的空气柱的TM模带隙宽度随空气柱半径和填充比变化的规律.     

二维复周期光子晶体的带隙结构

提出了由二维六边形结构和三角结构叠合构成的复周期光子晶体 ,利用平面波展开法计算了由空气中的介质圆柱棒组成的该复周期光子晶体的带结构。结果表明二维六边形结构和三角结构叠合构成的复周期结构的光子晶体可以形成很宽的TE波光子带隙 ,并且具有较宽的TE波和TM波带隙重叠的绝对光子带隙