| 近60 a新疆塔城地区不同相态降水时空变化特征 |
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| 引用本文： | 高婧,杨涛,李海燕,井立红,刘振新,曾华.近60 a新疆塔城地区不同相态降水时空变化特征[J].干旱区地理,2022,45(5):1347-1356. |
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| 作者姓名： | 高婧 杨涛 李海燕 井立红 刘振新 曾华 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.沙湾市气象局,新疆 沙湾 8321002.新疆气候中心,新疆 乌鲁木齐 8300023.塔城地区气象局,新疆 塔城 8347004.新疆气象局信息中心,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830002 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1510501);中国沙漠气象科学研究基金(Sqj2017008);新疆气象科技创新发展基金项目(MS202217) |
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| 摘 要： | 基于1961—2020年9个国家气象观测站逐日资料,采用气候统计学方法分析了塔城地区不同相态降水的时空分布及变化规律,探讨了降水相态的变化成因及其可能影响。结果表明：（1） 近60 a塔城地区年平均降水日数88.1 d,其中降雨日数最多,降雪日数次之,雨夹雪日数最少;3种相态降水在空间上呈现地区西北部多、中东部少的分布格局。（2） 从不同相态降水日数的月际分布来看,降雨主要出现在4—9月,降雪在11月—翌年3月较多,3—4月和10—11月期间3种相态降水共存。（3） 近60 a塔城地区各站不同相态降水的变化趋势存在一定的差异,总体呈现降雨日数增加而降雪日数减少的变化趋势,且降雨量的增速高于降雪量增速,其结果导致雪雨比率以-0.33%·(10a)-1的速率减小。（4） 气温增暖是塔城地区降水相态向多雨化转变的主要原因,同时北极涛动指数（Arctic oscillation index,AO）、北大西洋涛动指数（North Atlantic oscillation index,NAO）以及北半球极涡指数对降水相态的变化也有一定的影响。
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| 关 键 词： | 不同相态降水 时空变化 大气环流 新疆塔城地区 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-01-15 |
Temporal and spatial variation of different precipitation types in Tacheng area of Xinjiang in recent 60 years |
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| GAO Jing,YANG Tao,LI Haiyan,JING Lihong,LIU Zhenxin,ZENG Hua.Temporal and spatial variation of different precipitation types in Tacheng area of Xinjiang in recent 60 years[J].Arid Land Geography,2022,45(5):1347-1356. |
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| Authors: | GAO Jing YANG Tao LI Haiyan JING Lihong LIU Zhenxin ZENG Hua |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Shawan Meteorological Bureau, Shawan 832100, Xinjiang, China2. Xinjiang Climate Center, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang, China3. Tacheng Meteorological Bureau, Tacheng 834700, Xinjiang, China4. Xinjiang Meteorological Information Center, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang, China |
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| Abstract: | Precipitation types (rain, snow, and sleet) have significant impacts on the surface runoff and energy balance. In this work, based on the data taken daily from nine meteorological stations in Tacheng area of Xinjiang, China from 1961 to 2020, and using the least-squares method and methods of correlation analysis, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of different precipitation types and its influencing factors are analyzed. The results show that: (1) The annual mean number of precipitation days was 88.1 d in Tacheng; rain days were the most frequent, snow days were second most common, and sleet days were the least frequent. In terms of spatial distribution, the three precipitation types were the most frequent in the northwest region of Tacheng area and the least frequent in the middle and east of the region. Anomalies of annual rain days, snow days, and sleet days were consistent; for normal years the occurrence rate was 63.3%-70.0%. (2) Rainfall was most common from April to September, snowfall was more frequent from November to March of the following year, and precipitation of three types stated coexisted from March to April and from October to November. (3) In this 60 year period, the trends related to precipitation types were different in Tacheng area were seen to change. The number of rain days was seen to increase and the number of snow days was seen to decrease; the increase in rainfall was significantly greater than the decrease in snowfall. The total number of sleet days was seen to increase, though the level of change was insignificant. The rainfall ratio was increasing, while the snowfall and sleet ratios were decreasing. The snowfall/rainfall ratio decreased at a rate of -0.33%·(10a)-1. (4) Temperature increases were seen to induce the change in precipitation types. The change of precipitation types was also related to other factors, such as an increase in the quantity of water vapor, changes in the Arctic oscillation index/North Atlantic oscillation index, and changes in the Northern Hemisphere polar vortex index. In the future, the temperatures will continue to increase in Tacheng area, the temperature increases will further impact the observed precipitation types, which will not only affect the distribution of snows, melting of ice and snow, and recharge type in river runoffs but will also increase the risk of snow-melt floods and/or mixed floods. |
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| Keywords: | different precipitation types temporal and spatial variation atmospheric circulation Tacheng area of Xinjiang |
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