Geological characteristics and genesis of porphyry copper deposits in Qinzhou-Hangzhou suture zone, South China
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摘要:
钦-杭结合带是重要的斑岩铜矿带。斑岩铜矿在北、中、南三段均有产出, 主成岩成矿年龄主要集中燕山期。钦-杭结合带与成矿有关的斑岩主要为钙碱性岩浆系列的中酸性岩, 岩石类型主要为花岗闪长斑岩、花岗斑岩和次英安斑岩等, 具有与新元古代岛弧火成岩类似微量元素特征。它们来源于软流圈的岩浆与中下地壳物质混合后部分熔融的结果, 与受到过早期俯冲作用影响的岩石圈地幔有关, 存在壳幔混染现象。钦-杭结合带燕山期的斑岩铜矿成岩成矿的动力学背景与太平洋板块俯冲关系密切, 但斑岩和铜矿体在地球化学特征上显示出的具有弧岩浆作用特点, 这与华南地区中生代构造转折事件发生以前的地质演化有关。钦-杭结合带的中酸性斑岩体来自于元古代岛弧底部玄武质岩石(下地壳) 在中生代时期的部分熔融, 本质上该类矿床带有岛弧俯冲环境的特征遗传。
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关键词:
- 斑岩铜矿 /
- 古岛弧岩浆 /
- 板块构造 /
- 钦州湾-杭州湾结合带
Abstract:The Qinzhou Bay-Hangzhou Bay suture zone (QHSZ) is an important porphyry copper deposits (PCD) belt. PCDs are well distributed in the northern, the middle and the south sections of the QHSZ. They are mainly formed in the Yanshanian Period. Porphyries related to copper mineralization are mainly granodiorite porphyry, granite porphyry and sub-dacite porphyry, which belong to the calc-alkaline magma series of acidic rock. The porphyries above have similar trace element geochemical characteristics of the Neoproterozoic island arc igneous rock. They are derived from the partial melting of a mixture of magma in asthenosphere and the lower crustal material, and are related to the lithospheric mantle affected by earlier plate subduction, with evident crust-mantle contamination. The geodynamic setting of the Yanshanian petrogenesis and metallogenesis of the QHSZ is characterized by subduction of the Pacific plate, while the Yanshanian porphyries and copper ore bodies have the trait of island arc magma system, which is related to the geological evolution before the Mesozoic tectonic transition event in South China. It is concluded that such acidic porphyries of the QHSZ resulted from the partial melting of the Proterozoic island arc basaltic rocks during the Mesozoic, and the associated PCDs have the gene of island arc subduction environment.
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图 1
钦-杭结合带内斑岩铜矿分布示意图(钦-杭结合带构造分区底图据周永章等, 2012)
Figure 1.
Simplified tectonic division of Qinzhou-Hangzhou suture zone, showing locations of key porphyry copper deposits (after Zhou et al., 2012)
图 2
园珠顶矿区及其在区域地质图中的位置(a, 据广东省地质局719地质队, 2008；b, 据周永章等，2012)
Figure 2.
The Yuanzhuding ore district and its location in regional geological map (b, after Zhou et al., 2012)
图 3
园珠顶铜钼矿床地质图(广东省地质局719地质队, 2008)
Figure 3.
Geological map of the Yuanzhuding Cu-Mo deposit
图 4
钦-杭结合带南段南和矿区区域地质图(广东省地质局704地质队，1987①)
Figure 4.
Regional geological map of the Nanhe ore district
图 6
钦-杭结合带含矿斑岩的球粒陨石标准化稀土配分图(左) 和微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图(右)(标准数化值据Sun and McDonough, 1989)
Figure 6.
Chondrite-normalized REE pattern (left) and multi-element patterns normalized to the primitive mantle (right) (normalization values after Sun and McDonough, 1989)
图 7
钦-杭结合带含矿斑岩的(La/Yb)N-YbN图(a) 和Sr/Y-Y图(b) (底图据Defant and Drummond, 1990)
Figure 7.
(La/Yb)N-YbN (a) and Sr/Y-Y (b) diagrams for ore-bearing porphyties in the suture zone (after Defant and Drummond, 1990)
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