| 黄土高原西北部集雨水利用的投资与效益分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 张志山,魏兴琥,李新荣,王新平,谢忠奎.黄土高原西北部集雨水利用的投资与效益分析[J].水科学进展,2004,15(6):813-818. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张志山 魏兴琥 李新荣 王新平 谢忠奎 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所沙坡头沙漠试验研究站, 甘肃, 兰州, 730000 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金重大研究计划资助项目(90202015)~~ |
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| 摘 要： | 以黄土高原西北部为研究区,通过中国科学院皋兰生态农业试验站2000-2001年雨水集流试验与春小麦、西瓜、西兰花和黄瓜的补灌试验,对各种集流场的年产流率和集流费用、蓄水窖(池)的贮水费用、作物产量和水分利用效率、以及各作物集雨微灌的投资、产值与单方水产值进行了比较分析。结果表明:各集流面平均集流费用和各蓄水窖(池)的平均贮水费用都很高,分别为1.07元/m3和5.08元/m3,且贮水费用显著高于集流费用。净产值和单方水产值的大小顺序依次为日光温室黄瓜、大田西兰花、砂田西瓜和大田小麦。如把人工计算在内,大田小麦不进行补灌,其净产值为负值,进而补灌导致了净产值的大幅度减小。集雨水用于微灌砂田西瓜、西兰花和日光温室黄瓜都能产生很好的经济效益。并提出了日光温室集水-贮水-高效用水的"一池一窖"模式。
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| 关 键 词： | 黄土高原 集雨水 集流费用 贮存费用 作物利用 产值 |
| 文章编号： | 1001-6791(2004)06-0813-06 |
| 收稿时间： | 2003-03-07 |
| 修稿时间： | 2003年3月7日 |
Analysis on investment and benefit of harvested rainwater utilization in the northwest loess Plateau |
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| ZHANG Zhi-shan,WEI Xing-hu,LI Xin-rong,WANG Xin-ping,XIE Zhong-kui.Analysis on investment and benefit of harvested rainwater utilization in the northwest loess Plateau[J].Advances in Water Science,2004,15(6):813-818. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Zhi-shan WEI Xing-hu LI Xin-rong WANG Xin-ping XIE Zhong-kui |
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| Affiliation: | Shapotou Desert Experimental Research Station, Cold & Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China |
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| Abstract: | The paper is based on an experimental study on in-situ rainwater harvesting by irrigating several selected crops,spring wheat,watermelon,broccoli and cucumber.The experiments were conducted at the Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment (Gaolan County,Gansu Province),Chinese Academy of Science,in 2000-2001,in order to explore the rate of rainfall-runoff,compare the micro-catchment's cost of various types of water collection,analyze the storage cost of various water cellars,and investigate the unit yields and water use efficiency (WUE),production values of the selected crops and the production value per cubic water.The results indicated that,the costs of both micro-catchments and storage of harvested rainwater are averagely expensive,which accounted for.1.07-RMB.m-3 and 5.08-RMB.m-3,respectively,with a higher water storage cost.The cucumber in solar greenhouse has the highest values in both net production and production per cubic water,followed by broccoli in open field,watermelon in gravel-mulched field,and wheat in open field for the comparable values.All the net production values of wheat are negative if the investment of manual work is considered; supplementary irrigation causes the decrease of the net production values to a great degree.In contrast,harvested rainwater for micro-irrigation of watermelon in gravel-mulched field,of broccoli and cucumber in solar greenhouse brought large benefit.We may get a conclusion that the model of “one cellar and one pond” for solar greenhouse is the effective catchments-storage-high utilization of rainwater model for solar greenhouse in the region with an annual precipitation of 300 mm. |
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| Keywords: | Loess Plateau harvested rainwater catchments cost storage cost crop utilization output value |
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