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珠江三角洲霾天气的近地层输送条件研究
引用本文:吴兑,廖国莲,邓雪娇,毕雪岩,谭浩波,李菲,蒋承霖,夏冬,范绍佳.珠江三角洲霾天气的近地层输送条件研究[J].应用气象学报,2008,19(1):1-9.
作者姓名:吴兑  廖国莲  邓雪娇  毕雪岩  谭浩波  李菲  蒋承霖  夏冬  范绍佳
作者单位:1.中国气象局广州热带海洋气象研究所, 广州 510080
基金项目:国家自然科学基金 , 国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划) , 国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划) , 广东省自然科学基金 , 广东省科技攻关项目 , 广东省广州市应用基础研究项目
摘    要:近年来, 珠江三角洲地区气溶胶污染日趋严重, 霾天气造成能见度恶化和空气质量下降。近地层输送条件即地面流场与大气污染物稀释扩散密切相关。利用2004—2005年广东省466个地面自动气象站资料、广州观象台常规气象资料、珠江三角洲大气成分站网器测能见度资料、珠江三角洲城市环境监测站网的PM10浓度资料等, 使用矢量和分析方法, 分析珠江三角洲近地层风及其对严重霾天气过程和清洁对照过程的影响。结果表明: 2004年霾天气高发季节, 东亚纬向环流比2005年同期显著, 纬向环流不显著的年份, 气流南北交换显著, 冷空气跨越南岭、到达珠江三角洲的机会比较大, 伴随冷空气的大风等天气有利于污染物扩散; 纬向环流显著的年份, 冷空气跨越南岭、到达珠江三角洲的机会比较小, 污染物易于堆积。珠江三角洲霾天气具有区域性特征, 旱季出现最多, 雨季出现最少。严重霾天气过程出现在每年12月至次年4月, 清洁对照过程出现在台风直接影响或冷空气活动频繁的季节。与2004年相比, 2005年的静风频率较低, 且旱季风速较大, 不利于霾天气的形成。矢量和分析表明:区域霾天气过程与区域内静小风过程, 即出现气流停滞区有密切联系, 清洁对照过程与强平流输送有关。

关 键 词:珠江三角洲    霾天气    输送条件    矢量和    气流停滞区
收稿时间:2006-08-18
修稿时间:2007-07-09

Transport Condition of Surface Layer Under Haze Weather over the Pearl River Delta
Wu Dui,Liao Guoliang,Deng Xuejiao,Bi Xueyan,Tan Haobo,Li Fei,Jiang Chenglin,Xia Dong,Fan Shaojia.Transport Condition of Surface Layer Under Haze Weather over the Pearl River Delta[J].Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorology,2008,19(1):1-9.
Authors:Wu Dui  Liao Guoliang  Deng Xuejiao  Bi Xueyan  Tan Haobo  Li Fei  Jiang Chenglin  Xia Dong  Fan Shaojia
Affiliation:1.Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology, CMA, Guangzhou 5100802.Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Environmental Science and Engineer, Sun Yai-sen University, Guangzhou 510275
Abstract:In recent years, the aerosol pollution over the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region is getting worse, resulting in haze weather with visibility decreasing and air quality deterioration. The surface layer transport condition such as airflow is closely related to the dilution and diffusion of atmospheric pollutants. By using statistic method under a set standard based on dataset from 466 Guangdong provincial surface automatic weather stations, Guangzhou operational weather stations, visibility data of PRD's atmospheric component observational network, and PM10 data of PRD's urban environmental observational network, typical haze weather and cleaning weather processes are analyzed in 2004 and 2005. The surface wind and its effect on heavy haze and cleaning weather processes are analyzed using Vector Sum Technique. The zonal circulation over Eastern Asia in favorite haze season in 2004 is stronger than that in 2005. The year with weak zonal circulation has marked exchange between the north and the south, allowing much cold air to cross Nanling Mountain to reach PRD, the accompanying strong wind is favor for the diffusion of the pollutants. In the year with strong zonal circulation cold air has little chance to cross Nanling Mountain to reach PRD so that the pollutants accumulate much easily. The haze weather over PRD has the regional features with the most likely occurrences in dry season and the least in rainy season. The haze processes often happen from October to next April, while cleaning processes often occur in the seasons when typhoon or cold air is prone to occurrence. Compared to 2004, the frequency of still wind is lower and the wind speed in dry season is larger in 2005, those factors are not favor for the form of haze weather. Analysis using Vector Sum Technique shows that regional haze process is closely related to the regional still wind process by which formation of airflow stagnation area is led to, while cleaning process is related to strong advection transport.
Keywords:the Pearl River Delta  haze weather  transport condition  veetor sum  airflow stagnation area
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