| 基于GIS的达州香椿气候生态适宜性区划 |
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| 引用本文： | 张利平,覃绍彬,伍文玲,钟启琴,王明田.基于GIS的达州香椿气候生态适宜性区划[J].高原山地气象研究,2021,41(3):121-126. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张利平 覃绍彬 伍文玲 钟启琴 王明田 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.四川省达州市气象局，达州 635000 |
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| 基金项目： | 高原与盆地暴雨旱涝灾害四川省重点实验室科技发展基金项目（省重实验室2018-重点-05-08） |
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| 摘 要： | 利用达州及周边15个气象站资料和国内香椿主要产区气象资料、GIS资料，基于香椿生物学特性和现代高产栽培技术要求，综合分析了达州香椿气候生态适宜性，并选取气候生态区划指标，建立气候因子空间模型，运用集优法开展香椿栽培生态气候区划。结果表明:达州气候生态条件总体适宜香椿生长，影响其栽培的主要因子是年均气温和地形条件；冬末春初的气温水平和积温及其变化是影响香椿上市时间和产量的主要气候因子，头茬椿芽采收要求≥10.0℃有效积温约60~70℃·d。香椿栽培适宜区主要分布在达州中南部，面积占比约58.7 %，其中最适宜区主要分布在海拔高度≤500m、年均气温≥16.0℃的中亚热带浅丘平坝区，其余适宜区主要分布在海拔高度500~800m、年均气温14.0~16.0℃的北亚热带向山地暖温带过渡的低山深丘区；次适宜区主要分布于北部海拔高度800~1200m、年均气温12.0~14.0℃的山地暖温带半山区，面积占比约26.2 %；北部海拔高度≥1200m的中高山区为不适宜区，面积占比约15.1 %。达州南部浅丘平坝区为香椿重点发展区，中南部低山深丘区为香椿适度规模发展区，北部低中山区为香椿自然生态分布区。
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| 关 键 词： | 香椿 气候生态 区划 GIS 达州 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-03-06 |
Climatic Ecological Suitability Regionalization of Toona Sinensis in Dazhou Based on GIS |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Dazhou Meteorological Bureau, Dazhou 635000, China2.Dazhu Meteorological Bureau, Dazhu 635100, China3.Gaopin Meteorological Bureau, Nanchong 637100, China4.Water-Saving Agriculture in Southern Hill Area Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610066, China5.Sichuan Metorological Observatory, Chengdu 610072, China |
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| Abstract: | Based on the biological characteristics of Toona sinensis and the requirements of modern high-yield cultivation techniques, by using the meteorological data of 15 meteorological stations in Dazhou and its surrounding areas and domestic toona sinensis producing areas and GIS data, the climate ecological suitability of Toona sinensis in Dazhou was comprehensively analyzed. The climate ecological regionalization indexs were selected, the spatial model of climate factors was established, and the ecological climate regionalization of Toona sinensis cultivation based on GIS was developed by using the optimization method. The results showed that the climatic and ecological conditions in Dazhou were generally suitable for the growth of Toona sinensis, and the main factors affecting its cultivation were the average annual temperature and site conditions. The temperature level and accumulated temperature at the end of winter to the beginning of spring were the main climatic factors affecting the time to market and the yield of Toona sinensis, for the first stubble Toona sinensis bud harvest, the effective accumulated temperature ≥10.0℃ was about 60~70℃·d. The suitable cultivation area of Toona sinensis was mainly distributed in the central and southern part of Dazhou, accounting for 58.7% of the total area, among them, the most suitable area was mainly distributed in the subtropical middle-shallow hilly and flat area with an altitude of less than 500m and an average annual temperature of more than 16.0℃, the suitable area was mainly distributed in the low mountain and high hilly region from the north subtropical zone to the montane warm temperate zone with an altitude of 500~800m and an average annual temperature of 14.0~16.0℃. The sub-suitable zone is mainly distributed in the northern the semi-mountainous area of mountainous warm temperate zone with an altitude of 800~1200m and an average annual temperature of 12.0~14.0℃, accounting for about 26.2% of the total area. The middle and high mountain areas in the north with an altitude of more than 1 200m are unsuitable areas, accounting for about 15.1% of the total area. The middle-shallow hilly and flat area in the south of Dazhou is the key development area of Toona sinensis, the low-hilly and high-hilly area in the middle and south of Dazhou is the moderate scale development area, and the low-middle mountainous area in the north is the natural ecological distribution area. |
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