| 近40年长沙地区雷暴天气的气候特征分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 杨云芸,姚蓉,王晓雷,等.近40年长沙地区雷暴天气的气候特征分析[J].高原山地气象研究,2016,36(4):59-64. |
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| 作者姓名： | 杨云芸 姚蓉 王晓雷 等 |
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| 作者单位： | 湖南省气象台, 长沙 410118 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国气象局气象关键技术集成与应用项目-湖南省强天气指数和短期预报方法研究及应用(CMAGJ2015M40)、湖南省局重点项目-湖南中期天气预报技术方法研究与应用(XQKJ15A002) |
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| 摘 要： | 本文利用长沙区域4个气象站1971~2010年40年观测资料,研究了本区域雷暴的气候变化特征。研究结果表明:长沙区域雷暴日数呈东西山区多,中部平原少的空间分布特征,长沙东部和西部的浏阳、宁乡分别为最高和次高发区,年平均雷暴日数分别达62天和53天,而中部地区的马坡岭年平均雷暴日仅39天。在月变化特征上,长沙区域的雷暴主要出现在2~9月,且呈现出典型的双峰型结构,雷暴最多的月份分别出现在4月和8月。在6~9月,浏阳的雷暴日数要明显大于宁乡、望城和马坡岭的雷暴日数,而在其它月,4个观测站的雷暴日数相差不大。在日变化特征上,长沙区域4个测站的雷暴主要出现在午后到傍晚的时段其中以15~17时最多,在13~18时,浏阳的雷暴次数要比另外3个测站雷暴次数明显偏多。1971~2010年长沙区域4个测站的年雷暴日数均呈现出减少的趋势,其中以浏阳的减少趋势最为明显,2000年以后长沙区域4个测站的初雷日略有推迟,而终雷日明显提前。发生雷暴时,宁乡站对K指数及SI指数所代表的不稳定能量较其它3站略高。
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| 关 键 词： | 对流 雷暴 气候统计 年际变化 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016-11-02 |
Characteristic of Climatologically Statistics about Thunderstorm and the Relationship with Instability Energy in Changsha District in Recent 40 Years |
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| Affiliation: | Hunan Meteorological Observatory, Changsha 410118, China |
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| Abstract: | By using the observation data of four meteorological stations' records of thunderstorms over Changsha from 1971 to 2010,studied climatic characteristics of thunderstorms in Changsha. Research results showed that: the space distribution features of thunderstorms day number occurred more in east and west mountain than central plains in Changsha. Liuyang and Ningxiang which in Changsha's east and west,were the highest and second high in number of annual mean thunderstorm days,they were 62 days and 53 days,Mapoling which in the central area annual mean thunderstorm days only 39 days; in the monthly variation,Changsha's thunderstorms mainly occur in February to September,which shows typical of double-peak structure. Thunderstorms happened most frequently in April and August,and in June to September,thunderstorms day number in Liuyang was much higher than Ningxiang,Wangcheng and Mapoling,in the rest month,number of thunderstorm days of four stations had little difference. In daily variation,thunderstorms main appeared in the period of afternoon to evening of four stations in Changsha,of which 15 to 17 most,in 13 to 18,thunderstorms times in Liuyang was obviously more than other three stations. The annual number of thunderstorm days showed a decreasing trend in Changsha during 1971 to 2010,which in Liuyang reduction trend was most obvious. Since 2000,the initial thunderstorm date of Changsha's four stations was slightly delayed and final thunderstorm date significantly advanced; when thunderstorm occurred,Ningxiang on K index and SI index which represented the unstable energy was slightly higher than other three stations. |
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