| 外泌体在骨肉瘤侵袭转移及耐药性中的研究进展 |
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| 引用本文： | 陈成龙,韩鹏飞,孙晓娟,冯毅,李鹏翠,吕智.外泌体在骨肉瘤侵袭转移及耐药性中的研究进展[J].中华全科医学,2019,17(8):1384-1387. |
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| 作者姓名： | 陈成龙 韩鹏飞 孙晓娟 冯毅 李鹏翠 吕智 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 山西医科大学第二临床医学院, 山西 太原 030001; |
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| 基金项目： | 2015年山西省自然科学基金项目(2015011097)；2016年山西医科大学大学生创新项目(20160247) |
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| 摘 要： | 骨肉瘤(osteosarcoma)是一种具有高度侵袭性的恶性肿瘤,已成为青少年人群中导致癌相关死亡的首要疾病。但由于其早期高发的肺转移率以及广泛的对化疗药物耐药性问题,骨肉瘤在临床上的治疗仍存在巨大挑战。目前,骨肉瘤的早期诊断及基因治疗已经在国内外的基础研究和临床应用中取得了一定的进展,其中外泌体(exosomes)在骨肉瘤中的诊断治疗具有极大的应用前景。外泌体是一种可由多种活细胞分泌的纳米级(40~100 nm)微囊泡,它具有传递mRNA、miRNA、DNA和蛋白质等各种信息和功能性物质的功能。它可由多种活性细胞产生和分泌,存在于多种体液和细胞间液中。由于其特殊的存在和传递形式以及所搭载的信息和物质,因此,骨肉瘤来源的外泌体可通过多种途径和方式促进骨肉瘤的发生、侵袭转移、耐药性及免疫逃逸。利用这些特点,外泌体可被人为搭载靶向药物或治疗性基因等物质,或通过多种方式对其分泌和释放进行调控来治疗多种肿瘤。近年来,关于外泌体在骨肉瘤方面作用和应用的研究成为热点,但仍停留在基础研究且尚未在临床的诊断及治疗中进行应用。本文旨在对外泌体在骨肉瘤侵袭转移及耐药性上的作用机理、临床诊断、治疗方面的研究进展进行总结,望有助于为利用外泌体诊断、治疗和改善骨肉瘤预后提供参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 外泌体 骨肉瘤 转移 肿瘤免疫 治疗 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018-04-18 |
Research progress on the role of exosomes in metastases and drug resistance of osteosarcoma |
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| Affiliation: | The Second Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China |
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| Abstract: | Osteosarcoma is a malignant tumor with a poor prognosis, and it has become the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in adolescents. However, due to its early high rate of lung metastasis and extensive resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs, clinical treatment of osteosarcoma remains a huge challenge. At present, advances in the early diagnosis and gene therapy of osteosarcoma have achieved some progress in fundamental researches and clinical applications worldwide. Among them, exosomes have great research prospects in the diagnosis and treatment of osteosarcoma.Exosomes are nanoscale microvesicles(40-100 nm) that can be secreted by a variety of living cells and have the ability to transmit multiple messages and functional substances such as mRNA, miRNA, DNA, and proteins.It can be produced and secreted by a variety of living cells and is present in a variety of body fluids and intercellular fluids. Because of its special existence and transfer form, as well as the information and substances it carries, osteosarcoma-derived exosomes can promote the tumorigenesis, invasion, metastasis, drug resistance, and immune escape of osteosarcoma in many ways. Using above characteristics, exosomes can be artificially loaded with targeted drugs or therapeutic genes, or they can be regulated in various ways to adjust the secretion and release in multiple tumor cells. In recent years,research on the role and application of exosomes in osteosarcoma has become a hotspot, but it still remains in basic research and has not yet been applied in clinical diagnosis and treatment. This article aims to summarize the functional mechanisms of exosomes on the invasion, metastasis and drug resistance in osteosarcoma, as well as the research progress in clinical diagnosis and treatment, hoping this will contribute to develop novel strategies to diagnose, treat and improve the prognosis in osteosarcoma. |
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| Keywords: | Exosomes Osteosarcoma Metastasis Tumor immunology Therapy |
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