| 煤系锗的赋存与分离研究进展 |
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| 引用本文： | 张致远,滕道光,曹亦俊,李鹏.煤系锗的赋存与分离研究进展[J].矿产保护与利用,2022,42(6):10-20. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张致远 滕道光 曹亦俊 李鹏 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.郑州大学 化工学院, 河南 郑州 450000 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFC2902604） |
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| 摘 要： | 锗是典型的稀散金属和战略性金属，我国的煤系含锗矿产资源具有典型的资源优势，但在锗的超常富集和提取方面依然面临诸多挑战。概述了煤中锗的分布特征、含量与赋存状态，证明阐述了煤系锗的典型浸出方法，如水冶法、微生物浸出法等从原煤直接浸出锗，以及水浸出法、无机酸浸出法、有机酸浸出法等从粉煤灰中浸出锗，以及煤系浸出液中锗的富集分离方法，包括溶剂萃取法、离子交换树脂法、支撑液膜法、离子浮选法等。此外，干馏挥锗法、碱熔—中和法、合金法、AlCl3熔炼法、锌粉还原提锗法等也能实现煤系锗的分离。最后总结分析了锗分离提取存在的问题，并展望了发展方向。
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| 关 键 词： | 煤中锗 锗 赋存状态 浸出 富集 分离 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-11-15 |
Research Progress on the Occurrence and Separation of Germanium from Coal |
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| Affiliation: | 1.School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China2.Zhongyuan Critical Metals Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China |
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| Abstract: | Germanium is a typical dispersive and strategic metal. Coal related germanium mineral resources in China have typical resource advantages, however there are still many challenges in the supernormal enrichment and extraction of germanium. The distribution characteristics, content and occurrence of germanium in coal were described, and the typical leaching methods of germanium in coal measures were summarized, such as direct leaching of germanium from raw coal by water metallurgy and microbial leaching, and leaching of germanium from fly ash by water leaching, inorganic acid leaching and organic acid leaching. Furthermore, the enrichment and separation methods of germanium from coal leaching liquid were summarized, including solvent extraction, ion exchange resin, supported liquid membranes and ion flotation. In addition, germanium could be separated from coal by dry distillation and volatilization, alkali melting neutralization, alloy process, AlCl3 smelting, zinc powder reduction for germanium extraction, the existing problems of germanium separation were analyzed, and the development direction was prospected. |
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