| 贵州省河谷型村镇建设中外来植物的入侵风险评估 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 王楠,吕锡斌,李辉,杨帆,马伟波,王和玉,赵立君,田美荣,李海东,王莉.贵州省河谷型村镇建设中外来植物的入侵风险评估[J].环境科学研究,2021,34(7):1719-1727. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 王楠 吕锡斌 李辉 杨帆 马伟波 王和玉 赵立君 田美荣 李海东 王莉 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 1.生态环境部南京环境科学研究所, 江苏 南京 210042 |
| |
| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目2018YFD1100104 |
| |
| 摘 要： | 在村镇建设和国土空间生态修复中，植物配置对区域生态安全和人居环境健康会产生一定的潜在影响，特别是外来植物容易产生的入侵风险和危害.为掌握贵州省赤水河流域村镇建设中外来植物组成、分布和生态风险，选择某河谷型村镇，在其建成区和非建成区布设了49个样点，调查与分析了外来植物的种类组成、分布特征及地形因素影响，并应用层次分析法(AHP)评估了37种外来植物的入侵风险.结果表明:①该河谷型村镇共发现植物276种，隶属于99科230属.其中，外来植物37种，隶属于18科32属，草本植物种数最多，占外来植物总数的64.9%，外来植物中有22种来源于美洲.②外来植物主要分布在海拔400~650 m之间.外来植物种数与入侵强度呈极显著正相关(P < 0.01)，与海拔、乡土植物种数均呈极显著负相关(P < 0.01)，海拔对外来植物种数影响最大，贡献率为68.7%，入侵强度和乡土植物种数的贡献率分别为12.4%和9.6%.③37种外来植物中入侵风险等级为高级的有13种(占35.1%)，包括小蓬草(Conyza canadensis L.Cronq.)、反枝苋(Amaranthus retroflexus L.)、三叶鬼针草(Bidens pilosa L)和土荆芥(Ysphania ambrosioides L.)等，入侵风险等级为中级和低级的分别为13种和10种.研究显示，该河谷型村镇外来植物分布受海拔和乡土植物影响，低海拔地区外来植物较多；入侵风险等级为高级的外来植物有13种，建成区和非建成区分布相差不大.研究结果可为该河谷型小镇对入侵风险等级为高级的外来植物进行生态风险防控和乡土植物的合理开发利用提供支撑.
|
| 关 键 词： | 村镇建设 入侵植物 海拔 生态风险 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-07-29 |
Invasion Risk Assessment of Alien Plants in Valley-Type Villages and Towns in Guizhou Province |
| |
| Affiliation: | 1.Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China2.Kweichow Moutai Co., Ltd., Renhuai, Guizhou 564501, China |
| |
| Abstract: | The plant configuration during the construction process of villages and towns and the ecological restoration of the land space has a certain potential impact on the regional ecological security and the health of the human settlement environment, especially the alien plants are prone to intrusion risks and harms. In order to grasp the composition, distribution and ecological risks of alien plants in the construction of villages and towns in the Chishui River Basin, Guizhou Province, we selected a certain valley-type town, 49 sample sites were set up in built-up and non-built-up areas. In this work, the species composition, distribution characteristics and topographical factors of alien plants were investigated, and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was applied to evaluate the invasion risk of 37 kinds of alien plants. The results show that: (1) A total of 276 species of plants, belonging to 230 genera and 99 families, were found in this valley-type town. Among them, there were 37 species of alien plants, which belong to 18 families and 32 genera. The number of herbaceous plants is the largest, accounting for 64.9% of the total number of alien plants. And 22 species of alien plants were from America. (2) The main distribution range of the alien plants was 400-650 m above the sea level. There was a significant positive correlation between the number of alien plant species and the invasion intensity (P < 0.01), and a significant negative correlation between the altitude and the number of native plants (P < 0.01). Altitude had the greatest influence on the number of alien plants, with a contribution rate of 68.7%. The contribution rates of invasion intensity and native plant species number were 12.4% and 9.6%, respectively. (3) Among the 37 species of alien plants, 13 species (accounting for 35.1%) had high level of risk invasion, including Conyza canadensis L. Cronq. (S7), Amaranthus retroflexus L. (S1), Bidens pilosa L. (S2) and Ysphania ambrosioides L. (S4) and so on, and 13 species had medium level and 10 species had low level of risk invasion. The research shows that the distribution of alien plants in this valley-type town was affected by altitude and native plants. There were more alien plants in low -altitude areas and 13 species of alien plants had a high level of invasion risk. There was no significant difference in the distributions of built-up areas and non-built-up areas. The research results provide a basis for the prevention and control of ecological risks of alien plants with high invasion risk levels, and for the rational development and utilization of native plants in this valley-type town. |
| |
| Keywords: | |
|
| 点击此处可从《环境科学研究》浏览原始摘要信息 |
|
点击此处可从《环境科学研究》下载全文 |
|
