| 德州、北京重污染过程PM2.5中PAHs污染特征及来源分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 李晓,范瀚允,吴兴贺,徐楠,郭松,胡敏.德州、北京重污染过程PM2.5中PAHs污染特征及来源分析[J].环境科学研究,2021,34(1):54-62. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李晓 范瀚允 吴兴贺 徐楠 郭松 胡敏 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京大学环境科学与工程学院, 环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室, 教育部区域污染控制国际合作联合实验室, 北京 100871 |
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| 基金项目： | 大气重污染成因与治理攻关项目（No.DQGG0103）；国家自然科学基金项目（No.91844301，91544214） |
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| 摘 要： | 为探讨华北地区秋冬季重污染过程PM2.5（细颗粒物）中PAHs（多环芳烃）的污染水平、分布特征及来源，分别采集2018年11月17日—2019年1月19日德州市和北京市PM2.5样品，利用气相色谱-质谱法测量两个站点6次重污染过程中26种PAHs浓度水平，分析PAHs污染特征、分子组成分布及其来源，并利用毒性当量因子估算了PAHs毒性.结果表明:①6次重污染过程中，德州站点∑26PAHs浓度为62~191 ng/m3，北京站点为61~129 ng/m3.②单位质量PM2.5中PAHs的浓度北京站点更高.③两个站点PAHs分子组成分布较为一致，萘、蒽、芴等低分子量的PAHs浓度较低，高分子量PAHs浓度较高，浓度最高的分别为苯并b]荧蒽、苯并a]芘、苯并a]蒽和甲基荧蒽等.④特征比值结果显示，PAHs来源包括柴油车尾气、燃煤和生物质燃烧，德州站点受生物质燃烧影响更为显著.⑤毒性当量计算结果表明，德州站点毒性当量浓度（TEQ）高于北京站点，6次重污染过程中两个站点PAHs的TEQ平均值在6.5~17.2 ng/m3之间，低于国内其他一些地区，但苯并a]芘的浓度在5.2~13.1 ng/m3之间，超过了GB 3095—2012《环境空气质量标准》日均值的标准限值（2.5 ng/m3），对人体健康存在潜在危害.研究显示:秋冬季重污染过程中，北京站点单位质量PM2.5中PAHs的浓度较高，两个点位PAHs分子组成分布特征及来源较为相似，且均对人体健康存在潜在危害；应进一步加强对PAHs浓度水平的控制，这不仅有利于持续改善PM2.5污染，也有助于减轻人体潜在的健康风险.
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| 关 键 词： | 多环芳烃(PAHs) 细颗粒物 重污染过程 特征比值 毒性当量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020/8/29 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020/11/17 0:00:00 |
Characteristics and Sources of PAHs in PM2.5 during Winter Heavy Pollution Episodes in Dezhou and Beijing |
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| LI Xiao,FAN Hanyun,WU Xinghe,XU Nan,GUO Song,HU Min.Characteristics and Sources of PAHs in PM2.5 during Winter Heavy Pollution Episodes in Dezhou and Beijing[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2021,34(1):54-62. |
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| Authors: | LI Xiao FAN Hanyun WU Xinghe XU Nan GUO Song HU Min |
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| Affiliation: | State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education(IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China |
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| Abstract: | Particulate PAHs are of significant concern due to their carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. In order to investigate the characteristics and sources of particulate PAHs during heavy pollution episodes, PM2.5 samples were collected in Beijing and Dezhou in the North China Plain from November 17th, 2018 to January 19th, 2019. 26 species of PAHs in PM2.5 during six heavy pollution episodes were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The results showed that: (1) The total concentration of PAHs during six heavy pollution episodes ranged from 62 to 191 ng/m3 in Dezhou, and from 61 to 129 ng/m3 in Beijing. (2) The ratios of ∑26PAHs/PM2.5 were higher in Beijing, although PM2.5 concentrations were lower. (3) The dominant components of PAHs were benzob]fluoranthene, benzoa]pyrene (Bap), benzoa]anthracene, methyl-fluoranthene and retene, accounting for about 50% of ∑26PAHs. (4) The diagnostic ratios indicated vehicle exhaust, coal combustion and biomass burning were the main sources of PAHs at both sites. A more obvious influence of biomass burning in Dezhou was found via a tracer-based approach and using the ratio of PAHs to levoglucosan in fresh biomass burning aerosols. (5) The Bap toxic equivalent concentrations (TEQ) were 6.5-17.2 ng/m3, with higher values in Dezhou than those in Beijing. The BaP concentration ranged from 5.2 to 13.1 ng/m3 and exceeded BaP standard (24 h average: 2.5 ng/m3) in China (Ambient Air Quality Standard, GB 3095-2012), indicating a potential hazardous effect on human health. The studies have shown that both sites have similar distribution characteristics and sources, while the enrichment ratios of ∑26PAHs/PM2.5 in Beijing were higher. PAHs emission control needs to be further strengthened to reduce the risk of human exposure to heavy pollution episodes and the PM2.5 pollution levels. |
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| Keywords: | polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) fine particles heavy pollution episodes diagnostics ratios toxic equivalent (TEQ) |
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