| 上海市闵行区电子行业作业工人肌肉骨骼疾患发生情况及影响因素研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 徐晓文,赵立昀,应圣洁,陆敏,杨凤,顾怡勤,尹艳.上海市闵行区电子行业作业工人肌肉骨骼疾患发生情况及影响因素研究[J].职业卫生与应急救援,2022,40(5):565-570. |
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| 作者姓名： | 徐晓文 赵立昀 应圣洁 陆敏 杨凤 顾怡勤 尹艳 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.上海市闵行区疾病预防控制中心, 上海 201101 |
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| 基金项目： | 上海市公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划(2020-2022年)重点学科建设计划项目GWV-10.1-XK11;闵行区公共卫生重点学科MGWXK03;闵行区自然科学研究课题2019MHZ026 |
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| 摘 要： | 目的 调查上海市闵行区电子行业作业工人工作有关肌肉骨骼疾患(work-related muscular skeletal disorders，WMSDs)的发生情况，并探讨其影响因素。 方法 选取闵行区8家电子行业企业1 426名生产工人作为研究对象，采用横断面调查方法，发放调查问卷，调查工人近1年内肌肉骨骼疾患的发生情况，并采用logistic模型对工人肌肉骨骼疾患的影响因素进行分析。 结果 回收有效问卷1 319份，有效率92.5%。工人不同身体部位WMSDs的年发生率在3.6% ~ 23.0%之间，发生率最高的依次为颈部(23.0%)、肩部(20.0%)和下背部(10.4%)。焊锡工手腕部WMSDs的年发生率(10.7%)最高，车间管理员踝/足部WMSDs的年发生率(15.4%)最高(P < 0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示:背部长时间保持同一姿势是颈部、肩部和下背部WMSDs发生的危险因素(OR = 1.56、1.45、1.86，P < 0.05)；长时间坐位工作(OR = 1.60、2.44)、颈部长时间保持同一姿势(OR = 2.30、1.79)、背部稍弯曲(OR = 1.41、1.59)均是颈部和肩部WMSDs发生的危险因素(P < 0.05)；背部大幅弯曲是颈部和下背部WMSDs发生的危险因素(OR = 2.11、3.21，P < 0.05)；颈部前倾是颈部WMSDs发生的危险因素(OR = 2.15，P < 0.05)；轮流工作是肩部和下背部WMSDs发生的保护因素(OR = 0.73、0.58，P < 0.05)。 结论 电子行业工人肩部、颈部和下背部WMSDs发生率较高，亟须根据WMSDs的个体、职业和心理社会因素制定相关措施，合理安排劳动，降低工作场所不良工效学负荷，减少工人WMSDs的发生率。
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| 关 键 词： | 电子行业 肌肉骨骼疾患 工作相关疾病 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-03-28 |
Occurrence and influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among workers in electronics industry in Minhang District,Shanghai |
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| Abstract: | Objective To investigate the incidence and influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs) among workers in the electronics industry in Minhang District, Shanghai. Methods A total of 1 426 workers from 8 electronic enterprises in Minhang District were studied with questionnaires to investigate the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders in the past one year. The logistic model was used to analyze the influencing factors of musculoskeletal disorders. Results Totally 1 319 valid questionnaires were collected with an effective rate of 92.5%. The annual incidence of WMSDs in different body parts of these workers ranged from 3.6% to 23.0%, with the highest incidence in the neck (23.0%), shoulder (20.0%) and lower back (10.4%). The welding workers had a highest annual incidence of WMSDs in wrists (10.7%), while workshop managers had a highest annual incidence of WMSDs in ankles/feet (15.4%)(P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that frequent maintenance of the same posture in the back was a risk factor(P < 0.05) for WMSDs in neck, shoulder and low back (OR = 1.56, 1.45, 1.86, respectively); sitting for a long time (OR = 1.60, 2.44), frequent maintenance of the same posture in the neck (OR = 2.30, 1.79) and slightly bent in the back (OR = 1.41, 1.59) were risk factors(P < 0.05)for WMSDs in neck and shoulder; sharply bent in the back was a risk factor(P < 0.05) for WMSDs in neck and low back (OR = 2.11, 3.21);neck leaned forward was a risk factor(P < 0.05) for WMSDs in neck (OR = 2.15);taking turns was a protective factor(P < 0.05) for WMSDs in shoulder and low back (OR = 0.73, 0.58). Conclusions The incidence of WMSDs in the neck, shoulder and lower back of these workers in the electronics industry was relatively high. Therefore, it is urgent to formulate relevant policies and measures considering occupational, individual, and psychosocial factors of WMSDs, such as reasonable labor organization and reducing the load of poor ergonomics in the workplaces to reduce the incidence of WMSDs. |
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