| 基于水动力过程的湿地生态补水优化机制：以北京汉石桥湿地为例 |
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| 引用本文： | 王璇,谢湉,张勇,窦鹏,崔保山,曹波,李馨宇,丁鑫宇,杨志昊.基于水动力过程的湿地生态补水优化机制：以北京汉石桥湿地为例[J].环境工程,2023,41(1):61-71. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王璇 谢湉 张勇 窦鹏 崔保山 曹波 李馨宇 丁鑫宇 杨志昊 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 北京师范大学 环境学院 水环境模拟国家重点实验室, 北京 100875; |
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| 摘 要： | 湿地具有涵养水源等重要生态服务功能，但在人类活动与气候变化的多重胁迫下出现萎缩与退化，其中湿地补给水量不足是其主要生态问题之一。随着跨区域、跨流域调水工程的实施运行，生态补水目前已成为湿地修复与水资源配置的关键技术组成。因此，关注多水源补给湿地的补水路径优化，基于湿地补水水动力过程提出了生态补水方式的优化方案。2021年在潮白河流域全线通水的背景下，以北京市仅存的大型芦苇沼泽湿地——汉石桥湿地为案例区，构建了潮白河流域SWAT模型模拟径流变化规律，利用MIKE21模型模拟湿地补水水量-水动力耦合过程，比较了6种湿地补水情景的水动力变化特征。结果表明：汉石桥湿地内部水系连通受阻造成的湿地南部与北部分隔是限制生态补水效率的主要瓶颈，湿地南北区多流路同时补水，以及改造湿地水文连通结构是改善补水水动力条件，提升生态补水效应的优化方案。该研究结论可为湿地的长期管理和生态修复提供参考，有利于首都城市生态水系建设。
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| 关 键 词： | 潮白河流域 SWAT MIKE21 生态补水 情景模拟 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-08-20 |
OPTIMIZATION OF ECOLOGICAL WATER SUPPLY AND LONG-TERM PROTECTION OF WETLAND BASED ON THE HYDRODYNAMIC PROCESS: A CASE STUDY OF HANSHIQIAO WETLAND IN BEIJING |
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| Affiliation: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environmental, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;2. Beijing Shunyi Hanshiqiao Wetland Nature Reserve Management Center, Beijing 101309, China;3. Beijing Water Science and Technology Research Institute, Beijing 100048, China |
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| Abstract: | Wetlands have important ecological service functions including water conservation, but they shrink and degenerate under the multiple stresses of human activities and climate change, and the insufficient water supply of wetlands is one of the main ecological problems. With the implementation and operation of trans-regional and trans-basin water transfer projects, ecological water replenishment has become a key technology component of wetland restoration and water resource allocation. Therefore, we should pay attention to the optimization of the water supply path of the wetland with multiple water sources, and propose the optimization scheme of the ecological water supply mode based on the hydrodynamic process of the wetland water supply. Under the background that the whole Chaobai River basin will be open to water in 2021, taking the only large reed marsh wetland in Beijing-Hanshiqiao Wetland as the case area, the SWAT model of the Chaobai River basin is constructed to simulate the runoff change rule, and the MIKE21 model is used to simulate the wetland water replenishment-hydrodynamic coupling process, and the hydrodynamic change characteristics of six wetland water replenishing scenarios are compared. The results show that the separation between the south and the north of the wetland caused by the blocked connection of the internal water system of the Hanshiqiao Wetland is the main bottleneck limiting the efficiency of ecological water replenishment. The simultaneous water replenishment of multiple flow paths in the north and south areas of the wetland, as well as the reconstruction of the wetland hydrological connection structure, are the optimal schemes to improve the hydrodynamic conditions of water replenishment and enhance the ecological water replenishment effect. The research conclusion can provide reference for long-term management and ecological restoration of wetlands, and is conducive to the construction of ecological water system in the capital city. |
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