| 纳米硒和亚硒酸盐对镉污染土壤中水稻镉积累的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 徐境懋,顾明华,韦燕燕,何冰,王学礼,吕梦婷.纳米硒和亚硒酸盐对镉污染土壤中水稻镉积累的影响[J].南方农业学报,2021,52(10):2727-2734. |
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| 作者姓名： | 徐境懋 顾明华 韦燕燕 何冰 王学礼 吕梦婷 |
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| 作者单位： | 广西大学农学院, 南宁 530004 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（41967048）；广西自然科学基金项目（2016GXNSFAA380308）；广西创新驱动项目（桂科AA17202038） |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】探究外源纳米硒和亚硒酸钠对镉污染土壤中水稻的镉吸收、转运和积累的影响，为镉污染农田水稻的安全生产提供参考。【方法】采用盆栽试验，以不添加外源硒为对照（CK），设4个外源硒处理，分别为每千克土施用纳米硒0.5和2.5 mg/kg、亚硒酸钠（以硒计）0.5和2.5 mg/kg。于水稻灌浆期测定水稻剑叶叶绿素含量，收获前测定水稻光合指标，收获后测定水稻生物量、产量及水稻根、茎、叶、糙米中镉含量和土壤中镉的形态，计算镉在水稻各部位的分配率和水稻体内镉的迁移率。【结果】与CK相比，纳米硒和亚硒酸钠处理均显著提高收获期水稻剑叶的SPAD值和光合速率（P<0.05，下同）；除0.5 mg/kg纳米硒处理对水稻产量无显著性影响外（P>0.05），其余处理的水稻产量均显著提高。外源纳米硒和亚硒酸钠处理均降低土壤中可溶可交换态镉的含量，0.5 mg/kg纳米硒处理效果最佳，可溶可交换态镉含量降低16.0%。外源纳米硒和亚硒酸钠处理能降低镉污染土壤中水稻对镉的吸收、运转和积累，2.5 mg/kg纳米硒处理效果最佳，水稻根镉含量降低26.8%，水稻糙米镉含量降低32.7%，镉从根到茎叶的转移率降低42.7%，差异均达显著水平。【结论】在镉污染土壤中施加适量纳米硒和亚硒酸钠可有效降低土壤中镉的有效性，减少水稻对镉的吸收、运转和积累。每千克土施用纳米硒2.5 mg/kg阻控水稻镉积累的效果较佳，可作为镉污染区水稻安全生产的推荐技术。
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| 关 键 词： | 水稻 纳米硒 镉含量 镉形态 转移率 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-01-31 |
Effects of nano-selenium and sodium selenite application on cadmium accumulation in rice planting in cadmium contaminated soil |
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| XU Jing-mao,GU Ming-hua,WEI Yan-yan,HE Bing,WANG Xue-li,LYU Meng-ting.Effects of nano-selenium and sodium selenite application on cadmium accumulation in rice planting in cadmium contaminated soil[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2021,52(10):2727-2734. |
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| Authors: | XU Jing-mao GU Ming-hua WEI Yan-yan HE Bing WANG Xue-li LYU Meng-ting |
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| Affiliation: | College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】The effects of exogenous nano-selenium and sodium selenite on cadmium absorption, transport and accumulation in rice in cadmium contaminated soil were studied to provide scientific reference for the regulation of cadmium contaminated farmland and the safe production of rice.【Method】In this paper, pot experiment was carried out, no exogenous selenium was added as control(CK), and four treatments were set up, 0.5 and 2.5 mg/kg of nano-selenium, 0.5 and 2.5 mg/kg of sodium selenite(in terms of selenium) were applied per kilogram of soil, respectively. The content of chlorophyll in rice leaves was measured at the grain filling stage, the photosynthetic index of rice was measured before harvest, and the biomass and yield of rice and rice root, stem and leaf were measured after harvest. The content of cadmium in brown rice and the form of cadmium in soil were measured. The distribution rate of cadmium in different parts of rice and the migration rate of cadmium in rice were calculated.【Result】Compared with CK, nano-selenium and sodium selenite treatments significantly increased SPAD value and photosynthetic rate of rice flag leaves at harvest stage(P<0.05, the same below);except 0.5 mg/kg nano-selenium treatment had no significant effect on rice yield(P>0.05), the other treatments significantly promoted the yield of rice. Both exogenous nano-selenium and sodium selenite treatments reduced the content of soluble exchangeable cadmium in soil, and the treatment of applying 0.5 mg/kg Se derived from nano-selenium of soil had the most significant effect, which reduced the content of soluble exchangeable cadmium by 16.0%. The treatments of exogenous nano-selenium and sodium selenite could reduce the absorption, transport and accumulation of cadmium in rice. Cadmium uptake in rice roots, cadmium content in rice grains, and the transfer rate of cadmium from root to stem and leaf treated with applying 2.5 mg/kg selenium derived from nano-selenium of soil decreased significantly by 26.8%, 32.7% and 42.7%, respectively.【Conclusion】The application of nano-selenium and sodium selenite in cadmium contaminated soil can effectively reduce the availability of cadmium in cadmium contaminated soil, and reduce the absorption, transportation and accumulation of cadmium in rice. The application of 2.5 mg/kg of nano-selenium per kilogram of soil has a better effect on preventing the accumulation of cadmium in rice, which can be used as a recommended technique for safe production of rice in cadmium contaminated areas. |
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