Suppression of the migration and invasion is mediated by triptolide in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells through the NF‐kappaB‐dependent pathway |
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| Authors: | Hui‐Yu Jao Fu‐Shun Yu Chun‐Shu Yu Shu‐Jen Chang Kuo‐Ching Liu Ching‐Lung Liao Bin‐Chuan Ji Da‐Tian Bau Jing‐Gung Chung |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC;2. School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC;3. School of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC;4. Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC;5. Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC;6. Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, ROC;7. Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC;8. Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC;9. Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC |
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| Abstract: | Melanoma cancer is one of the major causes of death in humans worldwide. Triptolide is one of the active components of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, and has biological activities including induced cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis but its antimetastatic effects on murine melanoma cells have not yet been elucidated. Herein, we investigated the effect of triptolide on the inhibition of migration and invasion and possible associated signal pathways in B16F10 murine melanoma cancer cells. Wound healing assay and Matrigel Cell Migration Assay and Invasion System demonstrated that triptolide marked inhibiting the migration and invasion of B16F10 cells. Gelatin zymography assay demonstrated that triptolide significantly inhibited the activities of matrix metalloproteinases‐2 (MMP‐2). Western blotting showed that triptolide markedly reduced CXCR4, SOS1, GRB2, p‐ERK, FAK, p‐AKT, Rho A, p‐JNK, NF‐κB, MMP‐9, and MMP‐2 but increased PI3K and p‐p38 and COX2 after compared to the untreated (control) cells. Real time PCR indicated that triptolide inhibited the gene expression of MMP‐2, FAK, ROCK‐1, and NF‐κB but did not significantly affect TIMP‐1 and ‐2 gene expression in B16F10 cells in vitro. EMSA assay also showed that triptolide inhibited NF‐κB DNA binding in a dose‐dependent manner. Confocal laser microscopy examination also confirmed that triptolide inhibited the expression of NF‐κB in B16F10 cells. Taken together, we suggest that triptolide inhibited B16F10 cell migration and invasion via the inhibition of NF‐κB expression then led to suppress MMP‐2 and ‐9 expressions. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1974–1984, 2016. |
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| Keywords: | migration invasion triptolide B16F10 mouse melanoma cells NF‐kappaB‐dependent pathway |
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