| 大范围海域多站纯方位定位精度分布特性估计 |
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| 引用本文： | 张旭,李智生.大范围海域多站纯方位定位精度分布特性估计[J].信号处理,2020,36(12):2052-2060. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张旭 李智生 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国人民解放军91550部队 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金（61701504，61971424）资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 针对大范围海域被动定位精度分布特性认识不足、制约测量系统优化设计的问题，提出一种基于多站纯方位定位体制的全区域精度特性估计方法，将定位求解、精度分析与布站优化集成考虑，采用非线性最小二乘法建立定位模型，应用Monte-Carlo方法建立随机误差传播算法，通过大样本、网格化仿真模拟得到全区域定位均方根误差(RMSE)分布。通过仿真验证，模型具有快速收敛特性，能够对测量元素变化产生合理响应，对于在30km×20km测量海区内采用5阵元星形布站、单站测向误差为2°~5°的场景，全区域RMSE中值达到1km精度水平。应用该方法能给出到全区域精度差异的细节特征，进而支持不同布站几何条件下的定位性能比对。仿真算例表明，在5阵元限定下，采用五边形布站能够获取比星形布站、矩形布站、梯形布站更优的精度分布，使区域内RMSE中值降低0.1km，同时高精度覆盖区明显扩大。该方法可为测量系统论证中的精度分析及布站优化设计提供技术途径。
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| 关 键 词： | 水声定位 纯方位 大范围海域 精度分布 布站几何 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-04-10 |
Distributed Accuracy Estimation for Bearings-Only Localization based on Multi-Stations in the Large-Scale Sea Area |
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| Affiliation: | Unit 91550, the People’s Liberation Army of China |
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| Abstract: | To design a measurement system used in the large-scale sea area for passive underwater acoustic localization, the understanding about accuracy distribution characteristics is required. Aiming at this problem, a distributed accuracy estimation method was presented based on a bearings-only localization system with multi-stations. The factors of solution procedure, accuracy analysis and observation geometry design were integrated considered. The nonlinear least squares method was adopted to establish the solving model, then the random error propagation algorithm was proposed base on Monte-Carlo method, and the accuracy distribution described by the root mean square error(RMSE) was derived by large sampling and gridding simulation. The simulation tests proved that this model had quick convergence and reasonable response to the measurement factor change. In the case of a 30km×20km area covered by a 5-elements star-structure array, the RMSE median achieved 1km as the azimuth error of single station changed from 2° to 5°. The localization performance under different observation geometry conditions were comparable based on these accuracy distribution characteristics. The simulation results showed that the pentagon-structure array provided a more optimal accuracy distribution than the star-structure, rectangle-structure and trapezoid-structure array with a 5-elements array, which made the RMSE median reduce 0.1km and the high-accuracy covering area expand.. This method provides a technical way for accuracy analysis and observation geometry optimization in measurement system design. |
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