| 上海市城乡结合地区中小学生视力及屈光现况 |
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| 引用本文： | 王玉林,徐奇,胡蝶,傅华.上海市城乡结合地区中小学生视力及屈光现况[J].中华全科医学,2021,19(8):1336. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王玉林 徐奇 胡蝶 傅华 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.上海市浦东新区沪东社区卫生服务中心预防保健科，上海 200129 |
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| 基金项目： | 上海市浦东新区卫生系统优秀社区人才培养项目PWRs2016-11 |
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| 摘 要： | 目的 了解上海市城乡结合地区中小学生视力和屈光的现况及流行病学特征，为该地区中小学生近视防治提供参考依据。 方法 采用整群抽样法抽取2019年9—11月上海市城乡结合地区某社区9所学校1~8年级在校生4 508人作为研究对象。入校视力检查收集学生视力信息，视力检查包括裸眼视力、戴镜视力以及免散瞳验光。使用SPSS 21.0统计学软件进行数据分析，P＜0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果 该社区学生总体视力不良率为60.3%(2 718/4 508)，其中近视患病率为43.5%(1 962/4 508)，散光患病率为34.6%(1 562/4 508)，屈光参差患病率为16.1%(724/4 508)，远视患病率为1.6%(73/4 508)。小学生近视患病率为34.1%(1 077/3 162)，初中生近视患病率为65.8%(885/1 346), 近视患病率随年级上升而增高(P＜0.01)。男生近视患病率低于女生(P＜0.05)，而散光患病率高于女生(P＜0.05)，初中组近视程度高于小学组(P＜0.05)。 结论 该地区中小学生视力不良率高，主要眼患为近视，需结合中小学生近视流行病学特征，相关部门采取针对措施，预防近视的发生发展。
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| 关 键 词： | 视力 屈光 中小学生 流行病学 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-12-18 |
Analysis on vision and refraction of primary and middle school students in urban rural areas of Shanghai |
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| Affiliation: | Department of Prevention and Health Care, Hudong Community Health Service Center, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200129, China |
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| Abstract: | Objective To investigate the current situation and epidemiological characteristics of vision and refraction amongst primary and secondary school students in urban rural areas of Shanghai, and to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of myopia amongst primary and secondary school students in this area. Methods Using cluster sampling method, a total of 4 508 students from grade 1 to grade 8 at nine schools in a community in Shanghai were selected. The vision examination included naked vision, wearing glasses vision and no mydriasis optometry. SPSS 21.0 statistical software was used for data analysis, and statistical significance was considered at P < 0.05. Results The rate of poor vision was 60.3% (2 718/4 508), including 43.5% (1 962/4 508) for myopia, 34.6% (1 562/4 508) for astigmatism, 16.1% (724/4 508) for anisometropia and 2.0% (73/4 508) for hyperopia. The prevalence of myopia was 34.1% (1 077/3 162) in primary school students and 65.8% (885/1 346) in junior middle school students. The prevalence of myopia increased with grade (P < 0.01). The prevalence of myopia was lower in boys than in girls (P < 0.05), whereas the prevalence of astigmatism was higher in boys than in girls (P < 0.05). The degree of myopia in the junior middle school group was higher than that in the primary school group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The poor vision rate of primary and secondary school students in this area is high, and the main eye disease is myopia. Relevant departments should take corresponding measures to prevent the occurrence and development of myopia according to the epidemiological characteristics of myopia in primary and secondary school students. |
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