| 控释氮肥减量配施对土壤氨挥发和N2 O排放的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 蒋一飞,巴闯,王丹蕾,陈松岭,杨明,邹洪涛,张玉龙.控释氮肥减量配施对土壤氨挥发和N2 O排放的影响[J].环境科学研究,2019,32(1):159-165. |
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| 作者姓名： | 蒋一飞 巴闯 王丹蕾 陈松岭 杨明 邹洪涛 张玉龙 |
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| 作者单位： | 沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,辽宁 沈阳 110866;农业部东北耕地保育重点实验室,辽宁 沈阳 110866;土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室,辽宁 沈阳 110866;沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,辽宁 沈阳 110866;农业部东北耕地保育重点实验室,辽宁 沈阳 110866;土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室,辽宁 沈阳 110866;沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,辽宁 沈阳 110866;农业部东北耕地保育重点实验室,辽宁 沈阳 110866;土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室,辽宁 沈阳 110866;沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,辽宁 沈阳 110866;农业部东北耕地保育重点实验室,辽宁 沈阳 110866;土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室,辽宁 沈阳 110866;沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,辽宁 沈阳 110866;农业部东北耕地保育重点实验室,辽宁 沈阳 110866;土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室,辽宁 沈阳 110866;沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,辽宁 沈阳 110866;农业部东北耕地保育重点实验室,辽宁 沈阳 110866;土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室,辽宁 沈阳 110866;沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,辽宁 沈阳 110866;农业部东北耕地保育重点实验室,辽宁 沈阳 110866;土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室,辽宁 沈阳 110866 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（No.31572206）；国家科技支撑计划项目（No.2015BAD23B0203）；辽宁省“百千万人才工程”项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 施用控释氮肥是提高氮素利用效率、减少氮素损失的重要途径.为研究聚合物包膜氮肥与普通尿素配比减量施用对旱作棕壤氨挥发和N2O排放的影响，利用15N同位素标记技术，通过5个不同氮肥施用量处理，分析施肥后土壤的氨挥发和N2O排放规律以及玉米的当季氮肥利用率.结果表明:①土壤氨挥发主要出现在施肥后的前2周，普通尿素氨挥发速率最大可达4.04 kg/（hm2·d），最大值出现在施肥后第7天，施用配比包膜氮肥氨挥发峰值出现时间比普通尿素延迟2 d，且氨挥发总量明显降低，为2.15 kg/（hm2·d）.②对于各处理下的氨挥发总量，无氮处理（CK）为3.69 kg/hm2，常规尿素处理（NU）为18.64 kg/hm2，配比控释氮肥处理（PU1）为9.39 kg/hm2，减量配比控释氮肥处理（PU2）为6.44 kg/hm2，再减量配比控释氮肥处理（PU3）为5.02 kg/hm2.③N2O排放规律呈现先平稳后升高的趋势，较高的N2O排放通量集中在施肥后的55~91 d之间.N2O排放峰值最高的是常规尿素处理，在施肥后第79天出现，达到0.299 mg/（m2·h），施用配比包膜氮肥N2O排放峰值均低于常规尿素处理.④施用配比包膜氮肥玉米产量高于普通尿素处理，减量配比包膜氮肥不会降低玉米产量.⑤土壤氨挥发总量与施氮量呈显著正相关.施用配比包膜氮肥相比于普通尿素可显著减少土壤氨挥发，减量配施氮肥相比于全量施肥可显著减少土壤氨挥发.因此，施用配比包膜氮肥，可在保证粮食产量的前提下减少氮肥投入，降低氮肥的气态损失，从而降低环境风险.
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| 关 键 词： | 氨挥发 氧化亚氮 配比控释氮肥 减量施肥 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018/2/21 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2018/7/7 0:00:00 |
Effect of Mixed Polymer-Coated Urea Reduction on Soil NH3 Volatilization and N2O Emission |
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| JIANG Yifei,BA Chuang,WANG Danlei,CHEN Songling,YANG Ming,ZOU Hongtao and ZHANG Yulong.Effect of Mixed Polymer-Coated Urea Reduction on Soil NH3 Volatilization and N2O Emission[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2019,32(1):159-165. |
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| Authors: | JIANG Yifei BA Chuang WANG Danlei CHEN Songling YANG Ming ZOU Hongtao and ZHANG Yulong |
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| Affiliation: | 1.College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China2.Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation(Northeast China), Ministry of Agriculture, Shenyang 110866, China3.National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shenyang 110866, China |
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| Abstract: | The application of controlled-release of nitrogen fertilizer is an important method for reducing nitrogen loss and increasing nitrogen use efficiency. But reducing the gaseous nitrogen losses by mixing the coated urea with normal urea requires further exploration. In our study, pot experiments with five different nitrogen rates treatments were conducted to demonstrate the characteristics of ammonia volatilization and nitrogen oxide emissions from rainfed brown soil treated with a reduced application of blending fertilizer of polymer-coated urea and normal urea. The 15N isotope labeling technique was used in the experiments to estimate nitrogen use efficiency of maize. The results showed that:(1) Ammonia volatilization mainly occurred in the first two weeks after fertilization. The peak of ammonia volatilization of normal urea treatment reached 4.04 kg/(hm2·d) on the 7th day after fertilization. (2) Compared with the normal urea treatment, the peak of ammonia volatilization was delayed 2 days by the application of blending fertilizer of polymer-coated urea and normal urea. The peak value of ammonia volatilization was also decreased by 2.15 kg/(hm2·d). The total ammonia volatilization for treatments of zero nitrogen fertilizer (CK), normal urea (NU), blending controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer with urea (PU1), reduced application of PU1 (PU2) and reduced application of PU2 (PU3) were 3.69, 18.64, 9.39, 6.44, 5.02 kg/hm2, respectively. (3) Nitrous oxide emission exhibited a trend of leveling off followed by ascending. The higher values of nitrous oxide emission flux occurred between 55 and 91 days after fertilization. The peak value of nitrous oxide emission flux for the NU treatment was the highest (0.299 mg/(m2·h)), which occurred on the 79th day after fertilization. The peak values of N2O emission for all blending coated and uncoated urea treatments were lower than that of NU treatment. (4) The maize yields of blending urea treatments were higher than that of normal urea treatment. Moreover, the reduced application of the blending coated and the uncoated urea did not decrease the maize yield. (5) Ammonia volatilization showed a positive correlation with nitrogen rate. The equal or reduced application of blending coated and uncoated urea significantly decreased ammonia volatilization of normal urea. Therefore, blending polymer-coated urea with normal urea could reduce the amount of fertilizer application, decrease nitrous oxide emission, and alleviate environment risk. Simultaneously, blending polymer-coated urea with normal urea could guarantee food production. |
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| Keywords: | ammonia volatilization nitrogen oxides emission mixed polymer-coated urea fertilizer reduction |
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