| 生活垃圾初期降解过程中污染物释放及恶臭污染研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘彦君,陈竞尧,杨惠媛,王建兵,邹克华.生活垃圾初期降解过程中污染物释放及恶臭污染研究[J].环境科学研究,2022,35(1):238-245. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘彦君 陈竞尧 杨惠媛 王建兵 邹克华 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国矿业大学(北京)化学与环境工程学院, 北京 100083 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(No.51808520)；;中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(No.2020XJHH07)； |
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| 摘 要： | 生活垃圾初期降解主要发生在生活垃圾产生到被妥善处置之前，初期降解过程中伴随产生的气态和液态污染物可直接进入环境，影响居民生活环境. 为了明确生活垃圾初期降解过程中的污染情况，结合我国生活垃圾基本组成开展实验室模拟试验，分析生活垃圾初期降解过程中不同途径产生的污染物的释放特征及其恶臭污染的影响. 结果表明:生活垃圾中约20%的氮元素和硫元素在初期降解过程以气体或渗滤液的形式释放到环境中. 其中，CO2是生活垃圾初期降解过程中最主要的气态污染物，约占总累积产气量的43%；挥发性有机物(volatile organic compounds, VOCs)产生量较少，但种类复杂，其中乙醇的体积分数最大，约占VOCs总体积分数的85%. 渗滤液产生率较低(约30.94 mL/kg，以湿垃圾计)，但其中化学需氧量、氨氮和硫酸盐的浓度远超GB 8978—1996《污水排放综合标准》限值. 生活垃圾初期降解过程中理论臭气浓度达205.14，甲硫醚和乙醇是重要的典型恶臭物质. 研究显示，生活垃圾初期降解过程产生的气态污染物主要包括CO2和VOCs，渗滤液中污染物浓度远超相关污染排放限值，由VOCs导致的恶臭污染达到3级臭气强度. 因此，为了降低生活垃圾初期降解过程中的环境污染，建议缩短生活垃圾清运的时间，并重点关注乙醇和甲硫醚等恶臭物质.
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| 关 键 词： | 生活垃圾 初期降解 释放特征 恶臭污染 乙醇 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-05-13 |
Emission of Pollutants and Odor Pollution at Initial Decomposition Stage of Municipal Solid Waste |
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| LIU Yanjun,CHEN Jingyao,YANG Huiyuan,WANG Jianbing,ZOU Kehua.Emission of Pollutants and Odor Pollution at Initial Decomposition Stage of Municipal Solid Waste[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2022,35(1):238-245. |
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| Authors: | LIU Yanjun CHEN Jingyao YANG Huiyuan WANG Jianbing ZOU Kehua |
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| Affiliation: | 1.College of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China2.State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Odor Pollution Control, Tianjin Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Tianjin 300191, China3.Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou) Tsinghua, Suzhou 215004, China |
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| Abstract: | The initial decomposition stage of municipal solid waste (MSW) occurs during the treatment and disposal process of wastes. A large amount of gaseous and liquid pollutants will be produced during this process, and they can enter the environment and affect the living environment of residents. To investigate the pollution during this process, a lab-scale experiment was designed to simulate the initial decomposition stage of MSW. The MSW was made according to the basic composition of MSW in China. The emission characteristics of pollutants released by different approaches were analyzed and the odor impact was assessed. During the initial decomposition stage of MSW, about 20% of the nitrogen and sulfur elements were released into the environment through gas or leachate. CO2 was the major substance in gaseous pollutants, accounting for 43% of the total gas production. The composition of VOCs was complex, but its concentration was very low. Ethanol was the dominant VOC with the highest volume fraction, comprising about 85% of the total VOCs. The amount of leachate produced was small (30.94 mL/kg wet waste), but the concentrations of COD, ammonia nitrogen, and sulfate exceeded the limits of the Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB 8978-1996). At the initial decomposition stage of MSW, the theoretical odor concentration reached 205.14. Dimethyl sulfide and ethanol were identified as typical odorants. The results show that the pollutants generated at the initial decomposition stage of MSW are released in two ways (gaseous and liquid). CO2 and VOCs were the major gaseous pollutants. The contents of the pollutants in leachate exceed the relevant limits. The odor pollution caused by VOCs is serious and the odor intensity reaches level 3. Reducing the transfer duration could relieve the pollution during the initial degradation of MSW. Odorous compounds such as ethanol and dimethyl sulfide need special attention. |
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