Remobilization and overprinting in the Zhaxikang Pb-Zn-Ag-Sb polymetal ore deposit, Southern Tibet: Implications for its metallogenesis
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摘要:
扎西康铅锌银锑多金属矿具有多期多阶段的复杂成矿的特征。结合对区域成矿带、典型矿石结构构造、闪锌矿Fe含量变化、金属成矿元素分带性以及流体演化特征的分析，初步识别和探讨了扎西康多金属矿床叠加改造发生过程：在特提斯喜马拉雅锑金矿带形成前，扎西康即已经是一个粗晶脉状铅锌矿床。后碰撞阶段，地壳伸展，热活动强烈。以岩浆驱动大气水循环形成的地热水为主的区域富锑流体，流经扎西康，早期硫化物成为后期流体沉淀的有效化学障。流体对早期矿体形成的角砾产生再活化、溶蚀、交代作用，活化出铅、锌等元素，形成新的混合流体。该流体在NS向正断层发生运移、充填成矿，此时锌仍以闪锌矿重结晶、沉淀，但其中的铁含量已经降低，而铅与锑等形成硫盐矿物，当Pb被硫盐矿物消耗后则形成辉锑矿。综上，扎西康铅锌银锑多金属矿床是青藏高原陆陆碰撞造山背景下典型的叠加改造型矿床。
Abstract:Zhaxikang polymetallic base metal deposit is characterized by multiple periods and stages of metallogenesis. Combining the study of regional metallogenic belt with the feature of typical ore texture and structure, variation of Fe content in sphalerite, the character of elements zonation in lateral and vertical direction, as well as the results of fluid inclusion thermometry, we summarize the remobilization and overprinting metalllogenesis of Zhaxikang as follows: There had been a coarse-grained sphalerite and galena oreshoot before Tethys Himalaya Sb (Au) mineralization originated. In post-collisional stage, the crust of Tibet experienced extension and intensity of igneous activity. Geothermal water forming from Meteoric water driven by igneous extracted Sb from stratum around, which formed regional Sb-bearing fluid. The Sb-bearing fluid flowed through Zhaxikang district, and overprinted the former oreshoot which was an effective geochemical barrier. Then the Sb-bearing fluid and replaced coarse-grained galena and sphaerite, from which removed out lead and zinc to form newly mixing fluid. Additionally, this newly formed fluid migrated along NS direction fault system and crystallized in extension space with form of stockwork, vein and miarolitic type. Zn still in forms of sphalerite with Fe content down, and Pb in forms of sulfosalt with Sb and/or Ag. Finally, stibnite was to crystallize as Pb precipitated completely. To sum up, Zhaxikang polymetallic base metal deposit was a typical but non-unique remobilization and overpriting ore deposit in Tibet Plateau continent to continent collisional orogenesis and metallogenesis.
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图 1
特提斯喜马拉雅东段矿床(点)分布(据杨竹森等，2006修改)
Figure 1.
Distribution of deposit in eastern part of Tethys Himalaya (after Yang et al., 2006)
图 2
扎西康铅锌银锑多金属矿床地质图(据西藏华钰矿业有限公司, 2009①修编)
Figure 2.
Geological map of Zhaxikang Pb-Zn-Ag-Sb polymetallic deposit
图 3
扎西康F2断裂中角砾方铅矿受强烈的挤压出现线理
Figure 3.
Lineration on breecia galena under compressional stress in F2 fault
图 4
硫盐矿物(硫锑铅矿)交代方铅矿(反射光下)
Figure 4.
Galena replaced by sulfosalt minerals (boulangerite)
图 6
闪锌矿受到改造作用后出现“褪色”现象
Figure 6.
Faded” phenomenon in sphalerite after being overprinted
图 7
闪锌矿中Fe含量变化图
Figure 7.
Composition of sphaerite in various typical periods and stages
图 8
扎西康zk701 Pb-Zn-Ag-Sb金属元素纵向分布图
Figure 8.
Vertical variation of Pb-Zn-Ag-Sb elements in drill zk701
图 9
扎西康zk704 Pb-Zn-Sb元素与钻孔编录对比图
Figure 9.
Contrast figure of Pb-Zn-Sb elements variation between drill zk704 and drill core record compiling
图 10
扎西康4710中段CM703横向Pb-Zn-Ag-Sb元素分布图
Figure 10.
Lateral Pb-Zn-Ag-Sb elements variation figure of cross vein 703 of Zhaxikang 4710 level
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