Using observation data from 1961 to 2003 and NCEP/ NCAR reanalyzed data, this paper investigates climate distribution of precipitation in autumn during Sep. and Dec. in vicinity of Qinling and drought-flood variation as well as its relationship with atmospheric circulation. It is shown that influenced by the terrain of Qinling, the rainfall amount is obviously higher on its southern side than northern side, but the annual variation of precipitation is consistent on both sides. Over recent 50 years, precipitation decreases in autumn in majority of China, precipitation in Qinling indicated an evident similar trend of decrease. In Qinling, the pluvial year of autumn normally features consecutive rain and concentrated large rainfall amount. Generally, a blocking pattern stabilizes in the westerly jet of mid-high latitude, and the subtropical high pressure locates more westward with stronger intensity, while the southeast monsoon is rather strong. However, the atmospheric circulation of a severe drought year represents the domination of Tibetan high pressure or northwest stream in this area. The powerful southward cold air cuts off the transport of water vapor from the southeast monsoon.