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气象:2009,35(7):73-78
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中国霾天气的气候特征分析
(1.兰州大学大气科学系, 730000;2.浙江省宁波市气象信息中心;3.国家气象信息中心)
Climatic Characteristics of Haze in China
(1.College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000;2.Ningbo Meteorological Information Center of Zhejiang Province;3.National M eteorological Information Center)
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投稿时间:2008-06-20    修订日期:2009-03-13
中文摘要: 利用1961—2007年全国721个气象站的霾天气观测资料,分析了中国大陆地区霾天气的时空 分布特征。结果表明:中国的霾天气主要分布在100°E以东、42°N以南地区,且“浊岛” 现象非常明显;霾天气的季节分布基本为冬多夏少;近47年中国霾天气的总体趋势为波动增 多,线性倾向率为3.19d/10a,1960年代至1970年代中期处于少霾的负位相,1976—2000年 在很弱的正位相内振荡,但近5年霾天气显著增多;47年间中国霾天气序列有2次明显的突变 ,分别位于1970年代中期和2000年之后;在年际尺度上,霾天气与风力条件具有很好的反相 关对应关系,f≥5m?s-1日数和f≥10m?s-1日数与霾日数的相 关系数分别为-0.809和-0.734,表明风力条件(大气污染物稀释扩散能力)的变化对霾天气 增减趋势的影响非常显著。
Abstract:Based on available observation data from 721 meteor ological stations for the period from 1961 to 2007, the temporal and spatial distribution characte ristics of hazes in China were analyzed. Preliminary results show that haze s occurred mainly in eastern China (east of 100°E) and southern China (south of 42°N), with some obvious high incidence centers called generally as “muddy isla nd”. Hazes occurred frequently in winter, and not inclined to happen in sum mer. In the past 47 years, hazes in China on the whole increased with a linear t endency of 3.19 days per decade and two abrupt change points, respectively i n th e mid 1970s and after the year of 2000. During 1961-1975, hazes in China were l ess than the average, keeping negative phase, then fluctuated in weak positive p hase from 1976 to 2000. In recent 5 years, 〖JP2〗hazes were increasing quickly. The correlation coefficients, inter annual scale, between hazes and t wo wind force indices (i. e. the number of days with wind force f≥5 m/s and f≥ 10 m/s) are -0.809 and -0.734 respectively. These significant negative corre lations explain that the change of wind dilute ability for air pollution does ex ert obvious influence on tendency of hazes.
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基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:40305008)与国家科技支撑计划课题(批准号:2007BAC29B0 1)共同资助
引用文本:
胡亚旦,周自江,2009.中国霾天气的气候特征分析[J].气象,35(7):73-78.
Hu Yadan,Zhou Zijiang,2009.Climatic Characteristics of Haze in China[J].Meteor Mon,35(7):73-78.