As positioning system of network rotary laser theodolites (R-LTs) has low accuracy,complex process and high cost of calibration in the field environment,a high-precision and rapid field adjustment calibration method is proposed.The transform relations between the coordinate system of transmitters and the coordinate system of calibration bar are established by collecting space calibration points using a calibration bar.As a result,the pose relations of transmitters are indirectly linked.And the estimated value of the external parameter is solved by the least square principle.Then the estimated value is used as initial value to compute the optimal solution of the external parameter using non-linear optimization methods.And a global calibration is realized finally.The experimental results show that the field adjustment calibration method realizes that the measurement precision of system is 0.12 mm and repeatability precision is 0.02 mm in the range of 5000 mm×5000 mm,which can satisfy the practical field application requirements.