| 上海城市样带土壤重金属空间变异特征及污染评价 |
| 摘要点击 4837 全文点击 2432 修订日期：2011-07-10 |
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| 中文关键词 城市样带 土壤重金属 地统计学 空间变异 污染评价 |
| 英文关键词 urban transect soil heavy metals geostatistics spatial variability pollution assessment |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为揭示城市化、工业化等人为活动对土壤环境质量的影响,选择能反映上海城郊乡梯度差异的城市样带,采用地统计学方法对表层土壤样品Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Mn共5种重金属的空间变异结构和分布格局进行了分析,并利用单因子指数法和内梅罗综合指数法评价了土壤重金属的污染程度.结果表明:土壤样品Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Mn这5种重金属平均含量分别为27.80、28.86、99.36、87.72、556.97 mg·kg-1.表层土壤Cu、Cr、Mn、Pb、Zn均属中等变异,Mn、Cr呈正态分布,Cu、Pb、Zn呈对数正态分布; 半方差函数模型拟合结果显示Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr符合线状模型,Mn符合指数模型.通过泛克里格插值得到城市样带表层土壤重金属含量空间分布图,发现Cu呈条带状,Cr、Mn呈岛状,Pb、Zn呈条带和岛状分布相结合的特点.土壤污染评价结果说明土壤Cr、Zn、Pb污染相对严重.土壤Cr、Zn、Pb、Mn和Cu之间呈显著相关,土壤重金属之间表现为复合污染.土壤重金属污染城郊乡梯度差异明显,工业化、城市化与城市土壤重金属空间分布密切相关. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Soil heavy metal concentrations along the typical urban-transect in Shanghai were analyzed to indicate the effect of urbanization and industrialization on soil environment quality. Spatial variation structure and distribution of 5 heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Mn, Pb and Zn) in the top soil of urban-transect were analyzed. The single pollution index and the composite pollution index were used to evaluate the soil heavy metal pollution. The results showed that the average concentrations of the Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Mn were 27.80, 28.86, 99.36, 87.72, 556.97 mg·kg-1, respectively. Cu, Cr, Mn, Pb and Zn were medium in variability, Mn was distributed lognormally, while Cu, Cr, Pb and Zn were distributed normally. The results of semivariance analysis showed that Mn was fit for the exponential model, Cr, Pb, Cu and Zn were fit for the linear model. The spatial distribution maps of heavy metal content of the topsoil in this city-transect were produced by means of the universal kriging interpolation. Cu was spatially distributed in ribbon, Cr and Mn were distributed in island, while the spatial distribution of Pb and Zn showed the mixed characteristic of ribbon and island. With the result of soil pollution evaluation, it showed that the pollution of Cr, Zn and Pb was relatively severe.Cr, Zn, Pb, Mn and Cu were significantly correlated, and heavy metal co-contamination existed in soil. Difference of soil heavy metals pollution along "Urban-suburban-rural" was obvious, the special variation of heavy metal concentrations in the soil closely related to the degree of industrialization and urbanization of the city. |
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