Modern information technology puts forward higher and higher requirements for chip integration and functional diversity to make the weakness of electromagnetic mode and function of traditional on-chip transmission lines (TLs) represented by microstrip line and coplanar waveguide prominent day by day. Therefore, finding the TLs with new transmission modes is an important potential path to break the technical bottleneck of chips at the physical level. Being a kind of electromagnetic metamaterials possessing the advantages of strong field binding and flexible dispersion, the spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) TLs are expected to perform as the key fundamental components to realize the next generation chip technology. The research progress of on-chip SSPP TLs and their application are introduced. Firstly, the basic configuration, miniaturization design and reconfigurable design of on-chip SSPP TLs are introduced, which demonstrates the extremely high degree of freedom of on-chip SSPP TLs. Then, the applications of on-chip channel decoupling and signal modulation based on on-chip SSPP TL are introduced, which demonstrate the significant application potential of on-chip SSPP TL.